Potentially offering a powerful new tool against terrorism, researchers have found a novel way to detect deception: in the liar's blushing face... The new finding, though, is remarkable for its simplicity. When a person tells a lie, the team found, there is a sudden rush of blood to the area around the eyes... The team devised a computer program that can identify the telltale changes based on the camera images. In testing at the US Department of Defense Polygraph Institute... the device performed better than polygraphs, with 85 percent accuracy compared with 70 percent for the polygraph.
- With respect to the advances in studying lie detection, scientists value most ______
[A] simplifying the entire process of detection
[B] the mechanic design of thermal cameras
[C] substituting new approaches for polygraph
[D] the discovery that one blushes while telling lies
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确强调新发现的核心价值在于 “发现说谎时面部的生理变化”—— 具体为 “血液突然涌向眼部周围”（即 “脸红” 的微观表现），且指出这一 “此前未知的生理变化发现本身就是重要突破”。选项 D 精准匹配这一核心，是科学家评价最高的研究进展，直接支撑后续热成像技术的开发与应用。
- 干扰项排除
- A “简化检测流程” 是技术应用的结果，而非科学家最看重的 “研究进展本身”；
- B “热相机的机械设计” 在原文无提及，原文聚焦检测原理而非设备设计；
- C “替代测谎仪的新方法” 是研究的应用方向，而非核心科学发现，且原文仅提及 “性能优于测谎仪”，未强调 “替代” 的优先级。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “科技类文本” 需关注 “核心发现 - 技术应用 - 价值评估” 的逻辑链，本题中 “生理变化发现” 是源头，“热成像技术” 是载体，“优于测谎仪” 是效果。大连化物所考生需特别注意这类 “基础研究 - 应用转化” 的文本结构，与化学工程、材料科学等专业的 “实验发现 - 技术落地” 逻辑高度契合。
- Why not try to follow their carefree example and ______ your worries and woes?
[A] take away [B] leave out [C] shrug off [D] break through
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“shrug off” 意为 “对…… 满不在乎、摆脱”，侧重 “以轻松态度忽略烦恼”，与前文 “carefree example”（无忧无虑的榜样）形成语义呼应，句意为 “为何不效仿他们无忧无虑的样子，摆脱你的烦恼忧愁呢？”，精准契合 “化解负面情绪” 的语境。
- 干扰项排除
- A “take away”（拿走）侧重 “物理移除”，无法搭配 “worries and woes”（抽象情绪）；
- B “leave out”（遗漏）意为 “因疏忽未提及或包含”，与 “主动摆脱烦恼” 的语义不符；
- D “break through”（突破）侧重 “克服困难、突破障碍”，语气过重，且不与 “烦恼” 搭配。
- 学术扩展：“shrug off” 是考博英语高频学术短语，可用于心理学、社会学类文本描述 “情绪调节”“压力应对”，大连化物所考生在撰写科研相关文书（如实验压力分析、团队情绪管理）时，可精准传递 “理性应对负面因素” 的语义，需重点区分其与 “overcome”（克服，强调努力）、“ignore”（忽视，强调被动）的使用场景差异。
(5) The roots of reason are embedded in feelings—feelings that have formed and accumulated and developed over a lifetime of personality shaping. These feelings are not for occasional using but are inescapable.
理性的根源深植于情感之中 —— 这种情感是在人一生的性格塑造过程中逐渐形成、积累并发展起来的。这些情感并非偶尔可用的工具，而是无法回避的存在。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 破折号处理：原文破折号后的定语从句译为 “这种情感是……”，补充指代对象 “情感”，避免中文歧义；
- 否定句式转换：“not for occasional using but are inescapable” 译为 “并非偶尔可用的工具，而是无法回避的存在”，通过 “并非…… 而是……” 的对比结构，强化逻辑关系，符合中文表达习惯；
- 动词并列处理：“formed and accumulated and developed” 译为 “形成、积累并发展”，保留原文递进关系，体现情感的动态演变过程。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译：“roots of reason” 译为 “理性的根源”（哲学类文本固定表达），“embedded in” 译为 “深植于”（体现深度关联），“personality shaping” 译为 “性格塑造”（心理学术语），确保学术语义精准；
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “over a lifetime”（一生）、“inescapable”（无法回避）等核心信息，忠实还原原文 “理性依赖情感” 的核心观点。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，契合哲学思辨类文本的严谨语境，同时通过 “之中”“过程中” 等词汇，避免译文生硬；
- 逻辑连贯：通过 “这种”“这些” 等指代词，自然衔接前后句，使译文流畅且逻辑清晰，符合大连化物所考博英语对 “学术文本翻译” 的严谨性要求。
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic "My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scientist". Present your perspective on the issue, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.
My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scientist
As a core pillar of scientific progress, professional ethics guides scientists’ behavior in research and ensures the credibility and social value of scientific achievements. For researchers at institutions like the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), where cutting-edge studies in chemical engineering, materials science, and energy technology are conducted, professional ethics is not only a moral constraint but also a guarantee for high-quality research. In my view, professional ethics for a scientist mainly includes three aspects: academic integrity, social responsibility, and respect for teamwork.
Academic integrity is the fundamental requirement of professional ethics. It demands that scientists adhere to the truth in every step of research, from data collection to result publication. Fabricating or falsifying data, plagiarizing others’ achievements, or exaggerating research results is a serious violation of ethics. For example, in chemical reaction kinetics research—a key field of DICP—accurate experimental data is crucial for developing new catalysts. If a scientist modifies reaction rate data to meet expected conclusions, it will mislead subsequent studies and waste valuable resources. By contrast, DICP researchers who strictly record every experimental detail and openly share negative results set a good example of academic integrity, laying a solid foundation for scientific innovation.
Social responsibility is another essential part of a scientist’s professional ethics. Scientific research should serve the well-being of humanity and the sustainable development of society. DICP’s research on renewable energy (such as hydrogen energy storage) and environmental governance (such as waste gas purification) is a typical example of combining scientific innovation with social needs. These studies not only promote technological progress but also address global challenges like climate change and environmental pollution. A responsible scientist should assess the potential impacts of their research, avoid developing technologies that may harm the environment or human health, and actively advocate for the rational application of scientific achievements.
Respect for teamwork also reflects a scientist’s professional ethics. Modern scientific research, especially interdisciplinary fields like chemical biology or materials chemistry, requires close collaboration among researchers. In DICP’s research teams, each member contributes their expertise—chemists design reaction routes, engineers optimize experimental devices, and analysts process data. Respecting colleagues’ contributions, acknowledging their work in publications, and maintaining open communication are essential for effective teamwork. Taking credit for others’ achievements or ignoring team members’ suggestions not only damages trust but also hinders the progress of the entire project.
In conclusion, professional ethics is the soul of a scientist’s work. Academic integrity ensures the authenticity of research, social responsibility guarantees the positive impact of science, and respect for teamwork promotes collaborative innovation. For aspiring doctoral students of DICP, upholding these ethical principles is not only a requirement for personal growth but also a responsibility to advance science and serve society. Only by integrating professional ethics into every aspect of research can we make meaningful contributions to the development of chemistry and related fields.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：点明核心观点 —— 科学家职业道德包括学术诚信、社会责任与团队尊重，结合大连化物所（DICP）的研究领域（化学工程、材料科学等），强调职业道德对科研质量的保障作用；
- 主体段 1：论证 “学术诚信” 是基础，结合大连化物所核心研究方向（化学反应动力学、催化剂开发），通过正反案例说明数据真实性的重要性；
- 主体段 2：论证 “社会责任” 是关键，以大连化物所可再生能源、废气净化研究为例，说明科研需服务社会需求；
- 主体段 3：论证 “团队尊重” 是保障，结合大连化物所跨学科研究特点，强调团队协作中的伦理要求；
- 结尾段：总结升华，呼应开头，强调职业道德对大连化物所考生的意义，贴合专业特色。
- 高分亮点
- 专业适配：紧密结合大连化物所的研究领域（化学反应动力学、催化剂、可再生能源等），实例针对性强，体现对目标院校的了解；
- 学术词汇：使用 “academic integrity”“interdisciplinary fields”“catalysts”“renewable energy” 等学术与专业词汇，提升文本专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “fundamental requirement”“another essential part”“also reflects”“in conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “总 - 分 - 总” 逻辑链；
- 观点深刻：不局限于 “职业道德是什么”，延伸至 “大连化物所科研场景中的具体践行”，体现博士研究生的专业视野与实践思维。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 250 词左右，论证兼顾理论与大连化物所专业实例，无冗余表述，完全契合学术写作要求。
- 重点关注与化学、材料、能源相关的科技类文章，熟悉 “实验发现 - 技术应用 - 社会价值” 的文本结构，精准捕捉核心研究成果与逻辑；
- 针对 “细节题”，训练 “关键词定位 + 选项语义匹配” 能力，尤其注意科学数据、实验结论的精准理解；
- 积累化学、工程类高频学术词汇（如 catalyst、reaction kinetics、renewable energy），提升专业文本的阅读效率。
- 重点积累 “科研行为、情绪调节” 类学术词汇（如 shrug off、plagiarize、fabricate data），结合大连化物所的科研场景记忆其搭配；
- 强化 “近义词辨析” 训练，通过专业语境区分词汇使用场景（如 “ignore” 与 “shrug off” 在描述科研压力时的差异）；
- 建立词汇错题本，重点突破 “学术短语 + 固定搭配” 考点，结合化学、材料类写作深化理解与应用。
- 哲学、科技类翻译需确保 “理性、情感、催化剂、动力学” 等术语精准，积累相关主题词汇；
- 处理英文长句时，合理拆分定语从句、并列结构，使用中文短句优化表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 关注大连化物所相关专业文本的翻译特点，确保译文符合化学工程、材料科学领域的学术表达习惯。
- 科研伦理类写作需结合大连化物所的研究方向（如催化剂、可再生能源），选取针对性实例，体现专业关联性；
- 论据需突出 “学术诚信对实验数据的重要性”“科研成果的社会价值”，避免泛泛而谈；
- 运用学术化表达与逻辑连接词，结尾段升华至 “大连化物所科研使命与社会贡献” 的宏观视角，符合博士研究生的学术视野与专业关怀。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 (大连化物所) 博士研究生
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