- Drink coffee when you're sleepy, it's a good and will help to keep you awake.
A. incentive B.prompt C. stimulus D.appetite
本题考查考博英语高频名词辨析，重点在于区分选项在 “刺激物” 这一核心语义下的使用场景差异，是词汇部分的典型高分考点。
- 选项 A（incentive）：侧重 “激励、诱因”，多指通过外部奖励或利益驱动他人行动，如 “financial incentive（经济激励）”，此处 “咖啡提神” 并非利益相关的激励，不符合语境。
- 选项 B（prompt）：作名词时表 “提示、催促”，侧重为完成某事提供的线索或提醒，如 “a prompt in an exam（考试提示）”，与 “提神” 的语义无关。
- 选项 C（stimulus）：核心含义为 “刺激物”，特指能引发身体或心理反应、促进活动的事物，可用于生理层面的刺激（如咖啡、药物）或抽象层面的刺激（如政策刺激经济），完全契合 “咖啡让人清醒” 的生理刺激场景，为正确答案。
- 选项 D（appetite）：意为 “食欲、欲望”，如 “stimulate one's appetite（增进食欲）”，与 “保持清醒” 的语义逻辑不符，直接排除。
考博英语词汇题常考查 “同范畴词义精准区分”，建议考生积累时按语义场分类记忆（如 “刺激类”“激励类”“情感类”）。本题中 “stimulus” 是考博高频词，其形容词形式 “stimulating”（令人兴奋的）、动词形式 “stimulate”（刺激、激发）也常出现在阅读和写作中，需一并掌握。
- A.child reaches adulthood_21_recollecions only of television, Little League and birthday paries, then that child has litle to_22when a true test of character comes up.
A.in B. with C.as D.to
完形填空侧重考查词汇在语篇中的灵活运用，本题需结合 “recollections”（回忆）的搭配习惯和上下文逻辑选择介词，是语篇理解与语法知识的结合考点。
- 选项 A（in）：与 “recollections” 搭配时，多表示 “在回忆中”，如 “in my recollections of childhood（在我对童年的回忆中）”，此处需表达 “带着某种回忆长大”，语义不符。
- 选项 B（with）：表 “具有、带着”，强调伴随状态，“reach adulthood with recollections of...” 意为 “带着…… 的回忆步入成年”，符合上下文 “孩子成长过程中只有特定回忆” 的逻辑，为正确答案。
- 选项 C（as）：作介词时表 “作为”，如 “work as a teacher（当老师）”，与 “recollections” 搭配无 “伴随” 含义，排除。
- 选项 D（to）：与 “recollections” 无合理搭配，且无法体现 “带着回忆” 的伴随关系，语义不通。
考博完形填空中，介词题的解题关键的是 “固定搭配 + 语篇逻辑”。建议考生积累高频介词（with/in/on/by 等）的核心语义和搭配场景，同时关注上下文的语义衔接 —— 本题后句 “has little to...when a true test of character comes up”（面临品格考验时没什么可依靠的），进一步印证了 “带着浅薄回忆长大” 的前提，需通过语篇逻辑反向验证答案。
Culture is transmited largely by language and by the necessity for people in close contact to cooperate.The more extensive the communications network,the greater the exchange of ideas and beliefs and the more alike people become-in toleration of diversity if nothing else. Members of a culture or a nation are generally in closer contact with one another than with members of other cultures or nations. They become more like each other and more unlike others. In this way, there develops "national character," which is the statistical tendency for a group of people to share values and follow simila behavior ptterms.
36.What makes people more tolerant of diversity between different groups?
A. Extensive communications.
B.Language development
C.Close coperation.
D.Direct interactions.
阅读理解细节题是考博英语的分值重点，解题核心是 “精准定位原文关键句 + 识别同义替换”，本题需锁定与 “toleration of diversity” 相关的因果逻辑。
- 第一步：定位原文关键句。题干核心信息 “more tolerant of diversity” 对应原文首段第二句 “The more extensive the communications network,the greater the exchange of ideas and beliefs and the more alike people become-in toleration of diversity if nothing else”，该句明确体现 “通信网络越广泛→思想信念交流越多→人们更相似→对多样性更包容” 的因果链。
- 第二步：分析选项与原文的对应关系。
- 选项 A（Extensive communications）：“extensive communications” 与原文 “extensive the communications network” 为同义替换，直接对应题干问题的原因，为正确答案。
- 选项 B（Language development）：原文首句提到 “文化主要通过语言传播”，但未提及 “语言发展” 与 “包容多样性” 的直接关联，属于偷换概念。
- 选项 C（Close cooperation）：原文首句提到 “密切接触的人需要合作”，但 “密切合作” 是文化传播的条件，而非 “包容多样性” 的直接原因，逻辑混淆。
- 选项 D（Direct interactions）：原文未提及 “直接互动”，属于无中生有，排除。
考博阅读细节题的高分技巧：① 题干关键词定位（如本题 “toleration of diversity”）；② 关注逻辑连接词（如 the more...the more... 表因果 / 递进）；③ 警惕 “偷换概念”“无中生有”“逻辑倒置” 等干扰项。建议考生练习时标注原文关键句与选项的对应关系，培养快速定位和排除干扰的能力。
(1) In fact, however, trauma is only a small part of a wide array of psychosocial issues hat ought to be addressed.
考博英译汉侧重考查 “复杂句式拆解 + 专业术语翻译 + 中文表达流畅性”，本题需处理定语从句和固定短语，同时兼顾学术文本的严谨性。
- 句式拆解：本句为主从复合句，主句 “trauma is only a small part of a wide array of psychosocial issues”，定语从句 “that ought to be addressed” 修饰先行词 “psychosocial issues”，“In fact, however” 为逻辑插入语，表转折。
- 关键短语翻译：
- “a wide array of”：固定搭配，意为 “一系列、大量”，翻译为 “一系列” 更符合中文表达习惯，避免直译 “广泛的排列”。
- “psychosocial issues”：学术术语，译为 “社会心理问题”（而非 “心理社会问题”），符合国内相关领域的表达规范。
- “ought to be addressed”：“address” 此处表 “处理、解决”，比 “solve” 更具正式性，结合被动语态译为 “应予以解决”，体现学术文本的严谨性。
- 逻辑衔接：“however” 译为 “然而”，置于句首，清晰传达转折关系，使中文句式通顺自然。
考博英译汉的高分原则：① 先拆解句式（找出主谓宾、定语、状语），再重组中文语序；② 专业术语需准确（可结合学科背景验证）；③ 避免直译导致的生硬表达，兼顾流畅性与严谨性。建议考生积累学术英语中高频短语（如 in terms of、account for、contribute to 等）的多元译法，提升翻译灵活性。
TOPIC：Should there be two focuses available in Chinese high schools (humanity focus and science focus)? Please give specific reasons to support your argument.
Should There Be Two Focuses in Chinese High Schools?
The debate over whether Chinese high schools should adopt the two-focus system (humanity and science) has long aroused public attention. From my perspective, maintaining this system is conducive to students' personalized development and the cultivation of professional talents, and thus it should be retained with reasonable optimization.
Firstly, the two-focus system caters to students' individual interests and strengths. Every student has unique academic inclinations: some are gifted in liberal arts such as literature, history and politics, while others excel in science and engineering subjects like mathematics, physics and chemistry. The two-focus model allows students to concentrate on their advantageous areas, reducing the burden of learning subjects they are not interested in or proficient at. For example, a student passionate about literature can devote more time to reading classics and improving writing skills, instead of struggling with complex chemical experiments. This not only enhances their learning efficiency but also boosts their confidence in academic pursuits.
Secondly, the system meets the demand for professional talents in social development. Modern society requires specialized talents in various fields: scientific and technological innovation relies on professionals with solid science backgrounds, while cultural inheritance and social governance need talents proficient in humanities. The two-focus system enables high schools to provide targeted training, laying a solid foundation for students' future college studies and career development. For instance, science-focused students can accumulate more experimental experience and logical thinking abilities, which are essential for majors like computer science and engineering. Humanities-focused students, on the other hand, can develop critical thinking and communication skills, preparing them for careers in education, media and public affairs.
Admittedly, the two-focus system has certain drawbacks, such as the potential narrowing of students' knowledge scope. However, this problem can be solved through optimization: high schools can set compulsory general education courses (e.g., basic science for humanities students and general literature for science students) to ensure a comprehensive knowledge structure. Therefore, the advantages of the two-focus system far outweigh its shortcomings.
In conclusion, the two-focus system in Chinese high schools is in line with the laws of education and social development. It should be retained and improved to better serve students' personalized growth and the country's talent cultivation strategy.
考博写作要求 “观点鲜明、论证有力、语言规范”，本题需围绕 “文理分科是否合理” 展开，既要明确立场，又要结合具体理由和实例支撑，同时兼顾批判性思维（提及不足并给出解决方案）。
- 高分结构解析：
- 开头段：开门见山提出观点（支持文理分科并优化），明确立场，呼应题干。
- 主体段：分两个核心论点展开，每个论点搭配 “观点 + 解释 + 实例” 的论证逻辑，使论据具体可感（如 “文学爱好者聚焦文科学习”“理科生积累实验经验”）。
- 让步段：客观指出制度不足（知识范围狭窄），并提出合理解决方案（设置通识课程），体现思维的全面性，避免片面化。
- 结尾段：总结全文，重申观点，升华主题（关联教育规律与国家人才战略）。
- 语言亮点：使用 “conducive to”“cater to”“lay a solid foundation for” 等学术短语，搭配复杂句式（定语从句、状语从句），符合博士研究生的英语表达水平。
考博写作高分技巧：① 立场明确，避免模棱两可；② 论据需结合具体实例或数据，增强说服力；③ 逻辑衔接自然（使用 firstly、secondly、admittedly、therefore 等连接词）；④ 语言兼顾正式性与多样性，避免重复表达。建议考生积累学术写作高频句型和话题素材（如教育、科技、社会发展等），提升写作效率和质量。
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