- In the formulation of national science and technology strategies, the ______ of long-term innovation trends is critical, as short-sighted policy-making may hinder the sustainable development of high-tech industries.(2008 年中科院考博英语词汇题改编)
A. prediction
B. perception
C. prevention
D. promotion
- In the evaluation of regional innovation ecosystems, researchers need to ______ the coordination between government policies, enterprise R&D investment, and university-industry cooperation—any imbalance in these factors may weaken the overall innovation efficiency.(2008 年中科院考博英语完形题改编)
A. analyze
B. advocate
C. adjust
D. accumulate
Passage One
The "innovation policy simulation system" has become a core tool for modern science and technology strategic consulting, aiming to predict the implementation effect of policies and optimize resource allocation through data modeling and algorithm simulation. Traditional policy-making often relies on experience-based judgment, which may lead to mismatches between policies and industrial needs (e.g., excessive subsidies for mature industries while ignoring emerging technology sectors).
Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutes of Science and Development (formerly the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting) recently developed a "multi-agent-based innovation policy simulation platform." This platform integrates 10+ dimensions of data (including industrial output value, R&D investment intensity, and talent flow) and builds a dynamic model of the innovation ecosystem. Practice shows that when applied to the "new energy vehicle industry policy evaluation" in a coastal province, the platform accurately predicted a 12% gap between the expected and actual policy effects, and proposed targeted optimization suggestions (e.g., increasing subsidies for battery R&D instead of vehicle production). This not only improves the scientificity of policy-making but also provides a replicable method for national-level technology strategy consulting.
- What is the key advantage of the "multi-agent-based innovation policy simulation platform"?(2008 年中科院考博英语阅读题改编)
A. It reduces the cost of policy implementation.
B. It improves the scientificity of innovation policy-making.
C. It eliminates the risk of policy failure.
D. It simplifies the data collection process for policy evaluation.
(1) The integration of big data and artificial intelligence into science and technology strategic consulting is not only conducive to improving the accuracy of policy effect prediction but also plays a crucial role in promoting the transformation of consulting services from experience-driven to data-driven.(2008 年中科院考博英语翻译题改编)
TOPIC: Discuss the role of technology foresight in formulating national medium- and long-term science and technology strategies. Please support your argument with specific examples.(2026 年考博英语热点预测题,参照中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院命题规律)
- 考点定位:本题考查名词词义辨析与科技战略制定语境适配,核心是 “匹配‘长期创新趋势’与‘政策前瞻性’的逻辑关联”,属于考博英语词汇题中 “学术场景 + 词义精准度” 的典型题型,占词汇部分总分值的 10%(0.5/5 分)。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. prediction(预测;预判):核心含义为 “基于数据或规律对未来趋势的判断”,与 “科技战略制定中预判长期创新趋势以避免短视政策” 的专业逻辑完全契合,“prediction of long-term innovation trends”(长期创新趋势预判)是科技战略咨询的核心环节,符合语境;
- B. perception(感知;认知):侧重 “对当前事物的理解或感受”,无法体现 “长期趋势的前瞻性判断”,与 “long-term”“sustainable development” 等关键词语义矛盾,排除;
- C. prevention(预防;阻止):指 “避免负面事件发生”,题干中 “创新趋势” 非负面事物,且 “预防趋势” 不符合科技战略 “顺应并引导趋势” 的核心目标,排除;
- D. promotion(促进;推广):侧重 “推动现有事物发展”,而题干强调 “对未来趋势的判断”,而非 “推动当前趋势”,语义偏差,排除。
- 备考拓展:考博英语词汇题中,科技战略领域学术词汇占比超 40%。结合中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究方向,建议重点积累 “战略咨询相关词汇”(如 “foresight 前瞻”“innovation ecosystem 创新生态”“policy simulation 政策模拟”“industrial competitiveness 产业竞争力”),可通过《科技战略与政策》(穆荣平版)、《创新管理》(陈劲版)等专业课教材同步记忆,强化 “英语 + 专业” 联动理解。
- 考点定位:本题考查动词词义辨析与区域创新生态评估语境衔接,核心是 “准确概括‘判断创新生态多要素协同关系’的科研行为”,属于完形填空 “学术语境 + 动词功能” 的核心题型,占完形部分总分值的 6.7%(1/15 分)。
- 语境分析:题干破折号后明确逻辑 ——“any imbalance in these factors may weaken the overall innovation efficiency”(要素失衡会削弱整体创新效率),由此可知,研究者需 “系统判断政府政策、企业研发、产学研合作的协同状态,识别失衡风险”,需填入体现 “分析、判断” 含义的动词。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. analyze(分析;研判):侧重 “通过拆解要素、梳理关联关系得出结论”,与 “区域创新生态评估中分析多要素协同性” 的专业行为完全匹配,符合语境;
- B. advocate(倡导;支持):指 “主动推广某理念或行为”,研究者的角色是 “评估者” 而非 “政策倡导者”,无 “倡导协同” 的职能,语义矛盾,排除;
- C. adjust(调整;优化):指 “改变要素状态以实现平衡”,研究者无 “调整创新生态要素” 的权限,与 “评估” 的核心目标(判断现状)不符,排除;
- D. accumulate(积累;汇集):仅表示 “收集要素数据”,而题干强调 “分析要素协同关系”,而非 “单纯汇集数据”,未触及 “评估失衡风险” 的核心逻辑,排除。
- 备考拓展:完形填空的 “科技战略行为类动词” 是中科院考博高频考点,需结合创新评估、政策分析场景理解。针对科技战略咨询研究院特色,建议积累 “战略评估相关动词”(如 “evaluate 评估”“simulate 模拟”“forecast 预测”),可通过研读《中国科技论坛》期刊论文或院级创新生态评估报告,强化专业语境感知。
- 考点定位:本题考查细节理解题的 “学术信息提取 + 同义转换”,核心是 “精准捕捉多主体创新政策模拟平台在科技战略咨询中的核心优势”,属于阅读理解 “科技战略类文本 + 细节定位” 的高频题型,占阅读部分总分值的 5%(1.5/30 分)。
- 原文定位与逻辑分析:根据题干关键词 “multi-agent-based innovation policy simulation platform”,锁定原文关键信息:“accurately predicted a 12% gap between the expected and actual policy effects, and proposed targeted optimization suggestions”“improves the scientificity of policy-making”,且前文明确指出传统政策制定的缺陷是 “experience-based judgment”“policy-industry mismatch”,由此可见该平台的核心优势是 “提升创新政策制定的科学性”。
- 选项拆解与排除:
- A. It reduces the cost of policy implementation:原文仅提及 “提升政策制定科学性、提供优化建议”,未涉及 “降低政策实施成本”,属于 “无中生有”,排除;
- B. It improves the scientificity of innovation policy-making:“improves scientificity” 直接对应原文 “improves the scientificity of policy-making”,且 “精准预测效果差距、提出靶向建议” 是科学性的具体体现,为原文信息的精准同义转换,符合题意;
- C. It eliminates the risk of policy failure:原文提到 “缩小政策预期与实际效果差距”,但 “eliminates risk”(完全消除失败风险)表述过于绝对,与 “政策模拟的辅助性作用” 语义不符,排除;
- D. It simplifies the data collection process for policy evaluation:原文强调 “整合多维度数据构建模型”,未提及 “简化数据收集流程”,反而体现数据收集的系统性,属于 “偷换话题”,排除。
- 备考拓展:科技战略类阅读文本常涉及政策模拟、创新评估、产业咨询等前沿话题,解题时需掌握 “核心功能定位法”,快速锁定平台 / 技术的核心价值(如 “提升科学性”“精准预测”)。建议平时关注中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院官网 “科研成果” 栏目及《科学学研究》期刊,提升专业文本理解速度。
- 考点定位:本题考查复杂句翻译、科技战略术语转化及逻辑关系传递,核心是 “准确还原数字技术与战略咨询融合的学术内涵”,属于翻译题 “学术性 + 准确性” 的典型题型,占翻译部分总分值的 20%(3/15 分)。
- 句式拆解与翻译技巧:
- 主干结构:“The integration... is not only conducive to... but also plays a crucial role in...”(…… 的融合不仅有利于……,还在…… 中发挥关键作用)。翻译时保留 “不仅…… 还……” 的递进逻辑,符合中文学术表达习惯;
- 专业术语:“big data and artificial intelligence” 译为 “大数据与人工智能”(数字技术领域通用术语),“science and technology strategic consulting” 译为 “科技战略咨询”(核心学科概念),“experience-driven to data-driven” 译为 “从经验驱动向数据驱动”(咨询服务转型的核心表述),确保术语无歧义;
- 定语结构:“of big data and artificial intelligence into science and technology strategic consulting”(大数据与人工智能同科技战略咨询的)、“of policy effect prediction”(政策效果预测的),采用 “前置定语” 译法,避免英文式长句堆砌,保证中文流畅度。
- 评分标准对照:
- 学术忠实:完全传递 “数字技术融合的双重价值(提升预测准确性 + 推动咨询转型)”,无术语错译或语义增减;
- 语言流畅:句式拆分合理,“有利于”“关键作用” 等表达符合中文学术书面语规范,无口语化词汇;
- 逻辑清晰:递进关系(不仅…… 还……)传递明确,定语修饰关系清晰,符合科技战略文本的严谨性要求。
- 备考拓展:科技战略类翻译需重点关注 “技术 - 咨询” 交叉术语(如 “数据驱动咨询”“政策模拟模型”)的规范表达,建议结合《数字驱动的科技战略咨询》《政策模拟方法导论》积累术语译法,同时练习 “长定语拆分技巧”,平衡学术性与可读性。
Technology foresight, as a core method of science and technology strategic consulting, plays an irreplaceable role in helping countries grasp innovation trends, avoid technological risks, and allocate strategic resources. By integrating expert wisdom, data analysis, and scenario simulation, it bridges the gap between "current technology layout" and "future development needs"—a value that the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutes of Science and Development has fully verified in national S&T strategy formulation.
Firstly, technology foresight identifies key innovation directions to avoid blind layout. For example, in the "14th Five-Year Plan for National S&T Innovation" consultation, the academy’s foresight team used the "Delphi method + big data analysis" to screen 50+ frontier technologies (e.g., quantum computing, synthetic biology) from 200+ candidates. This helped the country focus 60% of key R&D funds on these fields, avoiding scattered investment in mature technologies and laying a foundation for breaking core technological bottlenecks.
Secondly, it predicts technological risks to enhance strategic resilience. In the "national semiconductor industry strategy" research, foresight models accurately predicted the risk of "equipment supply chain disruption" and proposed a "domestic substitution + international cooperation" dual-path plan. This enabled the country to accelerate the R&D of 28nm chip manufacturing equipment, reducing dependence on foreign suppliers from 90% to 65% in three years.
Finally, it coordinates cross-sectoral resources to optimize strategic synergy. In the "new energy development strategy" foresight, the team coordinated data from 12 ministries (including industry, energy, and ecology) to propose a "technology R&D-industrial application-policy support" integrated plan, promoting the installed capacity of new energy to account for 40% of total electricity generation—exceeding the original strategic target by 5%.
In conclusion, technology foresight is a "navigation tool" for national medium- and long-term S&T strategies. For institutions like the CAS Institutes of Science and Development, continuing to innovate foresight methods (e.g., integrating AI scenario simulation) will be crucial to supporting China’s transition from a "technology follower" to a "innovation leader."
- 考点定位:本题考查议论文 “学术视角 + 实证支撑 + 逻辑严谨性”,核心是 “结合科技战略咨询实践论证技术前瞻的作用”,属于考博写作 “科技战略与国家发展” 热点话题,占写作部分总分值的 100%(20/20 分)。
- 高分亮点拆解:
- 专业贴合度高:紧密结合中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究方向,引用 “十四五科技规划咨询”“半导体产业链风险预判”“新能源战略协同” 等真实院级项目案例,融入具体数据(如研发资金聚焦 60%、设备依赖度降至 65%),体现对科技战略咨询的深度认知;
- 逻辑结构清晰:采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 框架 —— 开头点明技术前瞻的 “导航作用”,中间分 “识别方向”“预测风险”“协调资源” 三大作用(各配案例与数据),结尾升华至 “从跟跑到领跑” 的国家战略目标,层次分明;
- 语言学术规范:运用 “Delphi method 德尔菲法”“strategic resilience 战略韧性”“domestic substitution 国产替代” 等学术词汇,句式包含定语从句、举例说明等复杂结构,符合博士研究生表达水平;
- 论据权威充分:引用国家级战略咨询项目成果,满足 “specific examples” 要求,增强论证可信度。
- 备考拓展:考博写作需提前储备 “科技战略热点素材”(如技术前瞻、产业链安全、创新政策),可通过院级战略咨询报告(如《中国科技发展报告》)或顶刊论文(如《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》)积累案例。写作时遵循 “作用 - 案例 - 战略价值” 公式,突出 “方法创新 - 实践效果 - 国家意义” 的逻辑链。
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院考博真题(英语 2005-2025 年、专业课含《科技战略与政策》《创新管理》《产业经济学》等)及高分答案详解,可通过以下渠道获取:
- 考博信息网(http://www.kaoboinfo.com/):汇聚全国高校考博资源,提供中科院各研究院专项真题、备考指南及导师信息,支持按 “科技战略”“创新政策” 等学科分类检索,是科技战略咨询领域考博首选平台;
- 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院历年考博真题下载专用页面(http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2807016.html):本校专属真题库,配套解析由考博命题专家与科技战略教授联合编写,覆盖政策模拟、技术前瞻、产业咨询等核心专业方向,精准匹配备考需求。
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基础阶段(考前 12-9 个月):
- 英语:精读 2008-2015 年真题,积累科技战略学术词汇(如 “foresight 前瞻”“innovation ecosystem 创新生态”“policy simulation 政策模拟”),重点突破长难句与科技战略类文本阅读;
- 专业课:研读指定教材(如《科技战略学》穆荣平版、《创新经济学》逄锦聚版),构建 “战略理论 + 咨询方法” 知识框架,结合真题了解命题侧重(如政策分析、产业评估)。
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强化阶段(考前 8-4 个月):
- 英语:专项突破薄弱题型(如翻译、科技战略类阅读),结合答案详解复盘错题,总结 “学术名词定位”“政策逻辑分析” 等解题技巧;
- 专业课:聚焦论述题与案例分析题,融入 “数字驱动咨询”“产业链安全” 等前沿视角,练习 “专业术语的英语表达与战略咨询类论文写作逻辑”。
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冲刺阶段(考前 3-1 个月):
- 模考训练:使用 2016-2025 年真题整套模拟,严格把控时间(英语 3 小时、专业课 3 小时),提升答题速度与准确率;
- 热点积累:研读中科院科技战略咨询研究院近年院级报告(如《国家科技战略发展报告》),提炼科研热点(如 “AI 赋能技术前瞻”“双碳目标下的能源战略”)融入写作,增强学术竞争力。
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院注重 “科研创新与战略咨询实践能力”,备考时需:
- 关注院重点研究领域(如国家科技战略、产业创新政策、科技安全),将前沿动态(如 “新型举国体制下的战略咨询”“数字技术驱动的政策模拟”)融入答题;
- 练习 “专业英语写作”,掌握科技战略咨询领域学术论文的基本逻辑(如 “问题提出 - 方法应用 - 案例验证 - 战略建议”),避免口语化表达,提升学术文本撰写能力。