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山东科技大学 2009 年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试
基础英语试卷
Part I Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Passage 1
The economic condition of the low-income regions of the world is one of the great problems of our
time. Their progress is important to the high-income countries, not only for humanitarian and political
reasons but also because rapid economic growth in the low-income countries could make a substantial
contribution to the expansion and prosperity of the world economy as a whole.
The governments of most high-income countries have in recent years undertaken important aid
programs, both bilaterally and multilaterally, and have thus demonstrated their interest in the
development of low-income countries. They have also worked within the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT) for greater freedom of trade and, recognizing the special problems of low-income
countries, have made special trading arrangements to meet their needs. But a faster expansion of trade
with high-income countries is necessary if the low-income countries are to enjoy a satisfactory rate of
growth.
This statement is therefore concerned with the policies of high-income countries toward their trade
with low-income countries. Our recommendations are based on the conviction that a better distribution
of world resources and a more rational utilization of labor are in the general interest. Aliberal policy on
the part of high-income countries with respect to their trade with low-income countries will not only be
helpful to the low-income countries, but when transitional adjustments have taken place, beneficial to
the high-income countries as well.
It is necessary to recognize, however, that in furthering the development of low-income countries,
the high-income countries can play only a supporting role. If development is to be successful, the main
effort must necessarily be made by the people of the low-income countries. The high-income countries
are, moreover, likely to provide aid and facilitate trade more readily and extensively where the
low-income countries are seen to be making sound and determined efforts to help themselves, and thus
to be making effective use of their aid and trade opportunities.
It is, then, necessary that the low-income countries take full account of the lessons that have been
learned from the experience of recent years, if they wish to achieve successful development and benefit
from support from high-income countries. Among the most important of these lessons are the
following:
Severe damage has been done by inflation. A sound financial framework evokes higher domestic
savings and investment as well as more aid and investment from abroad. Budgetary and monetary
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