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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国矿业大学 2013 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作四大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you - regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board: "There is a direct relationship," US congressman Neal Smith noted, "between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death."
Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. "All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much difference how much salt we eat." Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced.
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According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed ______.
A. exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health
B. cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders
C. correlates highly with some diseases
D. is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease
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From Dr. Dustan's study we can infer that ______.
A. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people
B. the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one's blood pressure
C. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient
D. an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone
Although many people speak English, they don't pronounce it or spell the word they use the same way. The United States, in 21______, has its own special way of pronouncing and spelling the English language. They speak American English, and they 22______ a lot of its special character to one man: Noah Webster.
- A. particular B. special C. ordinary D. extraordinary
- A. owing B. own C. owning D. owe
When you graduate from the university, you exit with thousands of papers of personal text on which are inscribed beliefs and values shaped by years of education, family interactions, relationships, experience. These philosophies and ideologies certainly left an impression on you, but the rigor of the distillation process, the exercise of refinement, that's where the real learning happened.
Directions: Write a composition of at least 200 words entitled "On Fabricating Academic Credentials". You should discuss the prevalence of the phenomenon, analyze its causes, and propose ways to eradicate it.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，聚焦对 “医生和政客观点” 的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到政客 Neal Smith 的观点 “钠摄入量与人的心脏病、循环系统疾病、中风甚至早逝存在直接关联”，即盐摄入量与部分疾病高度相关，故选 [C]。
[A]“对健康状况不佳者是加重因素” 未体现 “直接关联” 的核心观点；[B]“治愈疾病” 与原文 “盐有害健康” 相悖；[D]“与心脏病患者无关” 与原文表述相反，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对研究结果的合理推导。
- 答案详解：Dr. Dustan 的研究显示 “正常血压者低盐饮食无影响，但高血压患者中半数血压下降”，说明低盐饮食可能适用于高血压人群，即部分人可能需要低盐饮食，故选 [A]。
[B]“盐摄入量与血压无关” 与高血压患者的实验结果矛盾；[C]“低盐饮食能治愈高血压” 夸大效果，原文仅提到 “血压下降”；[D]“极低盐饮食对任何人无影响” 与高血压患者的情况不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查固定搭配，是完形填空部分的基础考点，聚焦介词短语的语义匹配。
- 答案详解：“in particular” 为固定搭配，意为 “尤其、特别”，语境为 “美国尤其有自己独特的英语发音和拼写方式”，符合语义，故选 [A]。
[B] special（特殊的）、[C] ordinary（普通的）、[D] extraordinary（非凡的）均无法与 “in” 构成符合语境的固定搭配，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义与搭配，是完形填空部分的核心考点，聚焦 “归因” 语义的表达。
- 答案详解：“owe...to...” 为固定搭配，意为 “把…… 归功于……”，语境为 “美国人将美式英语的诸多特色归功于诺亚・韦伯斯特”，符合语义与语法要求，故选 [D]。
[A] owing（介词，由于）、[B] own（拥有）、[C] owning（拥有，现在分词）均无法构成 “归因” 的语义与搭配，故排除。
大学毕业时，你会带着成千上万页的个人 “文本” 走出校园，这些文本上铭刻着由多年教育、家庭互动、人际关系和人生经历塑造的信念与价值观。这些人生哲学和思想观念固然给你留下了深刻印象，但真正的学习，恰恰发生在这个严谨的提炼与精进过程之中。
- 考点定位：本题考查哲理类文本英译汉，核心考查句式拆分、术语精准及逻辑连贯，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“papers of personal text” 译为 “个人‘文本’”（保留比喻义），“inscribed” 译为 “铭刻”，“distillation process” 译为 “提炼过程”，“refinement” 译为 “精进”，贴合语境且表达生动。
- 句式优化：拆分原文倒装句 “on which are inscribed...” 为中文主动句 “这些文本上铭刻着……”，避免语序生硬；将转折分句 “but the rigor of...that's where...” 译为 “但真正的学习，恰恰发生在…… 之中”，逻辑更清晰，符合中文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “毕业时的收获、信念的来源、真正学习的本质” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递原文哲理内涵。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “学历造假” 现象的分析与解决方案阐述能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
On Fabricating Academic Credentials
Nowadays, the phenomenon of fabricating academic credentials has become increasingly rampant, which not only undermines the fairness of education and employment but also pollutes the social atmosphere. This unhealthy trend deserves our serious attention and effective regulation.
There are several main causes for this phenomenon. Firstly, the blind pursuit of academic credentials in society provides a breeding ground for fraud. Many employers overly emphasize academic background when recruiting, making some people take risks to fabricate diplomas to gain competitive advantages. Secondly, the lack of strict supervision and punishment mechanisms allows fraudsters to get away with it. The verification of academic credentials is often not rigorous enough, and the penalties for fabricators are not severe enough to deter potential offenders. Finally, some people's weak sense of integrity and desire for quick success and instant benefits drive them to choose this improper way.
To eradicate the fabrication of academic credentials, joint efforts from all sectors of society are needed. On one hand, employers should change the recruitment concept, focusing more on candidates' practical abilities rather than just academic credentials. On the other hand, relevant departments should strengthen the construction of academic credential verification systems, improve supervision mechanisms, and impose heavy penalties on fabricators to increase the cost of fraud. Additionally, schools and families should attach importance to integrity education, guiding people to establish correct values and abide by moral and legal norms.
In conclusion, fabricating academic credentials is a harmful act that violates fairness and integrity. Only through the joint efforts of the whole society can we eliminate this bad phenomenon and create a fair and upright social environment.
- 结构：遵循 “提出现象 — 分析原因（社会导向、监管不足、个人诚信）— 提出解决方案（雇主、部门、学校家庭）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 200 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “招聘重学历”“验证不严格” 等具体现象，论据充分，贴合社会现实；
- 语言：使用 “rampant, undermine, breeding ground, deter, integrity education” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国矿业大学(北京) 2013 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节推理、完形填空的固定搭配、翻译的句式优化及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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