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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国农业科学院 2005 年考博英语涵盖词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译、写作五大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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The scene is so beautiful that it ______ my power of description.
A. transports B. transfers C. transcends D. transforms
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He has told so many lies that we can no longer place any reliance on what he says.
A. belief B. trust C. conviction D. dependence
We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. (21) ______ evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over three thousand years ago ate (22) ______ fish.
- A. Ancient B. Historic C. Historical D. Old
- A. salt B. salted C. salting D. salty
Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia's deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.
A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec. 30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.
Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.
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According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?
A. Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.
B. Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.
C. Bui Quang Anh believes that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.
D. 1,000 birds were killed during the last year outbreak of bird flu.
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We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.
A. currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humans
B. the bird flu virus is easy to mutate
C. the bird flu has killed millions of people
D. the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza
和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。
Directions: Write an essay of about 200 words on the topic related to "desire and progress". You should show your understanding of desire's symbolic meaning, give a specific example, and put forward suggestions on treating desire.
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “超出能力范围” 的语义匹配。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. transports（运输）；B. transfers（转移）；C. transcends（超出、超越）；D. transforms（转变）。语境为 “景色太美，超出了我的描述能力”，“transcend one's power of description” 为固定语义搭配，符合语境，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦对 “reliance” 的同义替换。
- 答案详解：划线词 “reliance” 意为 “依赖、信任”，与 “trust”（信任）语义一致，故选 [B]。
[A] belief（信念）侧重 “内心确信”；[C] conviction（坚定信念）语气更强；[D] dependence（依赖）侧重 “对他人 / 事物的依靠”，均与 “对他人话语的信任” 语境不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是完形填空部分的基础考点，聚焦 “证据” 的修饰搭配。
- 答案详解：四个选项均与 “历史” 相关：A. Ancient（古代的）修饰具体事物；B. historic（具有历史意义的）侧重事件 / 地点的重要性；C. Historical（历史的）修饰与历史相关的记录、证据等；D. Old（旧的）泛指时间久远。语境为 “历史证据”，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查词性辨析，是完形填空部分的核心考点，聚焦 “鱼” 的修饰逻辑。
- 答案详解：空格修饰 “fish”（鱼），需用形容词或过去分词表 “腌制的”：A. salt（名词 / 动词，盐 / 加盐）；B. salted（过去分词，腌制的）；C. salting（现在分词，正在加盐的）；D. salty（形容词，咸的）。语境为 “三千多年前的人吃咸鱼”，“salted fish” 为固定表达，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，聚焦对原文事实的精准判断。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “大型商业农场从首次疫情中吸取教训，采取了严格卫生标准、定期消毒等预防措施”，与选项 [B] 一致，故选 [B]。
[A]“禽流感首次在越南发现” 未提及；[C]“Bui Quang Anh 认为无法预防禽流感” 与原文 “只要遵循指导就能阻止传播” 相悖；[D]“去年疫情杀死 1000 只鸟” 与原文 “超过 1 亿只鸟被屠宰” 不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对 “病毒传播特性” 的推导。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “该病毒尚未变异为可在人与人之间传播的形式”，即当前无法人际传播，故选 [A]。
[B]“病毒易变异” 原文仅说 “可能变异”，未提 “易变异”；[C]“禽流感已杀死数百万人” 与原文 “杀死 46 人” 不符；[D]“比普通流感更致命” 原文未对比，故排除。
Peace and development are the two major themes of the contemporary world. Safeguarding world peace, strengthening friendly cooperation and promoting common development are the common aspirations of people of all countries. Currently, problems such as poverty, unemployment, refugees, crime, population expansion, environmental degradation, drug abuse and terrorism remain severe, affecting global stability and development.
- 考点定位：本题考查时政类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“和平与发展” 译为 “Peace and development”（固定时政译法），“环境恶化” 译为 “environmental degradation”，“毒品泛滥” 译为 “drug abuse”，符合国际通用表达。
- 句式优化：将中文短句整合为逻辑连贯的英文分句，用动名词短语 “safeguarding...strengthening...promoting...” 作主语，用 “such as” 列举问题，避免句式堆砌，符合英文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “主题、愿望、现存问题及影响” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递时政文本的核心内涵。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦哲理类议论文写作，核心考查对 “欲望与进步” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Desire: A Double-Edged Sword for Progress
Desire is indeed a powerful driving force for human progress, symbolizing the pursuit of a better life and higher goals. It is the desire for exploration that led humans to conquer the oceans and space, and the desire for improvement that promotes technological innovation and social development. However, desire is a double-edged sword; unrestrained desire can lead to greed and destruction.
A typical example is the industrial revolution. Driven by the desire to improve production efficiency and create more wealth, humans invented numerous machines and promoted economic take-off, greatly enhancing material living standards. But the unbridled desire for profit also led to environmental pollution, resource depletion and social inequality, bringing severe challenges to sustainable development.
To treat desire properly, we need to set moral and legal boundaries for it. On one hand, we should encourage positive desires that contribute to personal growth and social progress, such as the desire for knowledge and innovation. On the other hand, we must restrain excessive desires through self-discipline and social norms. Only by balancing desire and reason can we let desire become a positive force for progress rather than a source of trouble.
- 结构：遵循 “阐释欲望的象征意义 — 举例论证（工业革命）— 提出合理对待欲望的建议” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 200 词要求；
- 内容：结合具体历史案例，辩证分析欲望的积极与消极影响，论据充分，贴合主题；
- 语言：使用 “driving force, double-edged sword, sustainable development, moral and legal boundaries” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国农业科学院 2005 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义搭配、完形填空的词性与逻辑、阅读理解的细节推理、翻译的时政术语规范及写作的辩证逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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