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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国社会科学院研究生院 2015 年考博英语涵盖词汇语法、阅读理解、读写综合、翻译四大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与逻辑思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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Even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is ______________ and horizontally spread out.
a. prudent b. reversible c. diffuse d. mandatory
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Rarely ______________ a technological development _______________ an impact on many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as greatly as the growth of electronics.
a. has... had b. had...had c. has...has d. have…had
Plato's Republic has been the source of great consternation, especially in literary circles, for its attack on the poets. Socrates in fact asserts that they should have no place in the ideal state. Eric Havelock suggests that there are several misunderstandings in this regard, and in his Preface to Plato he identifies the issues, explains the historical context.
Havelock opens his discussion by suggesting that the very title of the Republic is the source of much confusion. The book is commonly understood to be a treatise on the ideal political entity, but even a casual analysis will show that only one-third of the text is concerned with statecraft. The other two-thirds cover a variety of subjects, but the thrust of Plato’s argument amounts to an attack on the traditional Greek approach to education.
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The mistaken understanding of Plato's Republic consists in the widespread belief that it consists of ______________.
a. literary criticism b. a treatise on the ideal polity
c. a critique of rationalism d. an indictment of an obsolete pedagogy
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According to Havelock, Plato’s anger with the poets arose from ______________.
a. Their representation of gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth.
b. Their transmission of culture, mores and laws.
c. Both a and b.
d. Neither a nor b.
两千余年来，丝绸之路作为中西交通的大动脉承载着中国与世界的交往、对话，彰显着古代中国开放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“丝绸之路” 一词早已超越其历史含义，成为一种精神和象征，为当今世界的和平与发展提供了价值典范。
But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it. There is a view in which all the love of our neighbor, the impulses towards action, help, and beneficence... come in as part of the grounds of culture... Culture is then properly described not as having its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of perfection; it is a study of perfection. (41) ____________________.
A. Culture seeks to make the best that has been thought and known in the world current everywhere; to make all men live in an atmosphere of sweetness and light, where they may use ideas, as it uses them itself, freely, --- nourished, and not bound by them.
B. This is the social idea; and the men of culture are the true apostles of equality.
C. It moves by the force, not merely or primarily of the scientific passion for pure knowledge, but also of the moral and social passion for doing good.
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “权力结构” 的语义对比逻辑。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：a. prudent（谨慎的）；b. reversible（可逆的）；c. diffuse（分散的）；d. mandatory（强制的）。语境中 “企业权力是集中的、垂直的”，而 “华盛顿的权力是分散的、水平的”，前后形成对比，“diffuse” 与 “concentrated” 语义相反，符合逻辑，故选 [c]。
- 考点定位：本题考查倒装句与时态，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “rarely 引导倒装” 及 “as greatly as” 比较结构的时态一致。
- 答案详解：“rarely” 位于句首时，句子需部分倒装，将助动词提前；主语 “a technological development” 为单数，助动词用 “has”；“as greatly as” 前后时态需一致，后半句 “the growth of electronics” 对现在的影响用现在完成时，前半句也需用现在完成时 “has had”，故选 [a]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，聚焦对 “《理想国》误解之处” 的精准捕捉。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “《理想国》常被理解为关于理想政体的论述，但实际仅三分之一内容涉及治国之术”，即普遍误解是将其视为 “理想政体的论述”，故选 [b]。
[a]“文学批评”、[c]“对理性主义的批判” 未提及；[d]“对过时教育体系的谴责” 是正确解读，非误解，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦 “柏拉图批判诗人的原因”。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “柏拉图关注荷马、赫西俄德等诗人，他们的作品将神和英雄描绘为本质上不道德的，对年轻人是坏榜样”，这是柏拉图对诗人不满的核心原因，故选 [a]。
[b]“传递文化、习俗和法律” 是诗人的作用，并非柏拉图愤怒的原因，故排除 [c][d]。
For more than 2,000 years, as a major artery for communication between China and the West, the Silk Road has borne witness to the exchanges and dialogues between China and the world, demonstrating the open cultural character and immortal civilized achievements of ancient China. Today, the term "Silk Road" has long transcended its historical meaning, becoming a spirit and a symbol that provides a value model for world peace and development.
- 考点定位：本题考查文化类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“丝绸之路” 译为 “the Silk Road”（固定译法），“中西交通的大动脉” 译为 “a major artery for communication between China and the West”，“文化品格” 译为 “cultural character”，“价值典范” 译为 “value model”，符合文化文本规范。
- 句式优化：将中文长句拆分为逻辑连贯的英文分句，用 “as” 明确 “丝绸之路” 的定位，用 “demonstrating” 作伴随状语，用 “becoming” 体现语义递进，避免句式堆砌；“承载交往对话” 译为 “borne witness to the exchanges and dialogues”，符合英文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “历史作用、文化意义、现代价值” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递丝绸之路的精神内涵。
- 考点定位：本题考查句子衔接，是读写综合部分的核心考点，聚焦上下文语义连贯。
- 答案详解：前文提到 “文化的起源不是好奇心，而是对完美的热爱，是对完美的研究”，后文应进一步阐释文化的驱动力。[c]“文化的发展不仅依靠对纯知识的科学热情，还依靠行善的道德和社会热情”，承接前文 “对完美的热爱”，且与后文 “宗教强调内在完美” 形成呼应，语义连贯，故选 [c]。
[A] 侧重 “文化传播知识”，[B] 侧重 “文化与平等”，均与前文 “文化起源与完美” 的核心话题不衔接，故排除。
以上仅为中国社会科学院研究生院 2015 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义对比、语法的倒装与时态、阅读理解的细节提取、翻译的文化术语规范及读写综合的语义衔接，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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