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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中山大学 2017 年考博英语涵盖词汇、阅读理解、写作三大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、词汇精准运用与思辨表达能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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The secretary was harshly ______ by her boss for misplacing some important files.
A) rebuked B) teased C) washed D) accused
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The jet airliner has ______ from the Wright brothers’ small airplane.
A) involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved
Some of the earliest diamonds known came from India. In the eighteenth century they were found in Brazil, and in 1866, huge deposits were found near Kimberley in South Africa. Though evidence of extensive diamond deposits has recently been found in South Africa, the continent of Africa still produces nearly all the world's supply of these stones.
The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure carbon. Less perfect forms, known as 'boars' and 'carbonado' are clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you see on a ring--they just look like small, blue-grey stones.
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'Carbonado' is the name given to ______.
A) only the very best diamonds
B) lumps of pure carbon
C) Spanish diamonds
D) diamonds made up of many small crystals
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The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until ______.
A) the fourteenth century
B) the fifteenth century
C) the sixteenth century
D) the seventeenth century
Directions: Write a composition of at least 300 words on the topic "The Relationship That Exists Between Humans and Nature".
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，核心聚焦 “因失误受到批评” 的语义匹配，是词汇部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A) rebuked（严厉斥责，侧重因过失受到上级或权威的批评）；B) teased（取笑，侧重开玩笑式调侃）；C) washed（冲洗，语义无关）；D) accused（指控，侧重指控犯罪或严重过错，后接 of）。语境为 “秘书因放错重要文件被老板严厉斥责”，符合 “上级对下级过失的批评” 逻辑，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，核心聚焦 “事物的发展演变”，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A) involved（涉及，卷入）；B) evolved（演变，进化，侧重从简单到复杂的发展）；C) devolved（退化，堕落）；D) revolved（旋转，围绕）。语境为 “喷气式客机从莱特兄弟的小型飞机发展而来”，体现 “从简单到复杂的演变”，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，核心聚焦 “carbonado 的定义”，是阅读理解的基础考点。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “不太完美的钻石形式（如 boars 和 carbonado）是微小晶体的簇状物”，即 “由许多小晶体构成的钻石”，故选 [D]。
[A]“仅指最优质的钻石” 与 “less perfect forms” 矛盾；[B]“纯碳块” 是优质钻石的特征；[C]“西班牙钻石” 文中未提及，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，核心聚焦 “宝石切割抛光技术的发展节点”，是阅读理解的核心考点。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “1476 年比利时人路德维希・范・伯肯发明了高速旋转的钻石粉末砂轮，彻底改变了切割抛光方法”，1476 年属于 15 世纪，即该技术在 15 世纪前一直较为粗糙，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦 “人与自然关系” 的思辨类写作，核心考查对生态议题的深度思考与逻辑表达，是考博英语写作的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
The Relationship That Exists Between Humans and Nature
Since the dawn of civilization, humans have maintained a complex and dynamic relationship with nature. Nature is not only the source of human survival—providing air, water, food, and resources—but also the foundation of human development. However, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, this relationship has become increasingly tense, making it imperative to redefine the bond between humans and nature.
In the early stages of human society, humans lived in harmony with nature. They relied on hunting, fishing, and farming for survival, respecting natural laws and adapting to environmental changes. For example, ancient Chinese farmers followed the "24 Solar Terms" to arrange agricultural activities, ensuring that their production practices were in line with natural rhythms. At this stage, humans viewed nature with awe and reverence, recognizing their status as part of nature rather than its ruler.
Unfortunately, the industrial revolution marked a turning point in this relationship. Driven by the desire for economic growth, humans began to exploit nature relentlessly. Forests were cleared on a large scale, rivers were polluted by industrial waste, and greenhouse gas emissions led to global warming. These reckless actions have triggered severe consequences: glaciers are melting, biodiversity is declining, and extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. The recent floods in many regions and the spread of ecological disasters serve as stark reminders that nature's tolerance has its limits.
To reverse this negative trend, humans must rebuild a harmonious coexistence with nature. First, we need to establish the concept of sustainable development, balancing economic growth with environmental protection. For instance, promoting renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power can reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Second, governments should strengthen environmental regulations to restrict destructive human activities, while individuals should cultivate eco-friendly habits—such as reducing waste, saving energy, and protecting wildlife. Finally, technological innovation should be oriented towards environmental protection, developing cleaner production technologies and efficient waste treatment methods.
In conclusion, the relationship between humans and nature is interdependent. Nature provides humans with the conditions for survival and development, and humans, in turn, should cherish and protect nature. Only by abandoning the idea of dominating nature and embracing the concept of harmonious coexistence can we ensure a sustainable future for both humans and the planet.
- 结构：遵循 “总述人与自然关系的重要性 — 分述历史演变（和谐 — 冲突）— 提出解决方案 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论证完整；
- 内容：结合古代农耕文明、工业革命影响、现代生态问题等具体案例，论据充分，贴合主题；
- 语言：使用 “dynamic relationship, relentless exploitation, sustainable development, interdependent” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中山大学 2017 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语境匹配、阅读理解的细节提取、写作的逻辑构建与论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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