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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦听力、词汇、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为北京化工大学 2010 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- After the gunshot at Columbine in Colorado, the ________ suggested that many schools in the United States were full of drugs and weapons.
A. press B. medium C. channel D. media
- Thanks to modern technology, these results could prove ________ in establishing the criminal's identity.
A. decisive B. exact C. destructive D. definite
Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society."
"Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized - going to school and learning to read - so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise."
- What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
A. The habit of thinking independently.
B. Profound knowledge of the world.
C. Practical abilities for future career.
D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
- We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.
A. undervaluing intellect B. favoring intellectualism
C. supporting school reform D. suppressing native intelligence
- The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are _________.
A. identical B. similar C. complementary D. opposite
- Emerson, according to the text, is probably
A. a pioneer of education reform. B. an opponent of intellectualism.
C. a scholar in favor of intellect. D. an advocate of regular schooling.
- What does the author think of intellect?
A. It is second to intelligence. B. It evolves from common sense.
C. It is to be pursued. D. It underlies power.
Directions: Translate the following passage into English on the Answer Sheet.
中国经济的发展，不仅改善了本国人民的生活，也为世界经济的增长提供了新的动力，为发达国家提供了更多的商业机会。中国是一个潜力巨大的市场，而西方国家技术先进，资金雄厚，两者经济上具有很强的互补性。我们相信，经济全球化将使中国的经济更发达，中华民族灿烂的明天定将到来。
Directions: Write an article of about 200 words titled ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING CREDIT CARDS based on the following outline.
- 现在发行的信用卡品种繁多；
- 使用信用卡有各种优势（如：防盗；鼓励消费；实名制消费防贪污受贿），也有不利之处（如：没有 ATM 系统使用；吞卡；透支；电子犯罪等）；
- 信用卡的未来趋势。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦名词词义辨析与单复数用法，是词汇部分的基础考点，考查对 “媒体” 相关词汇的精准运用。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] press：侧重 “新闻媒体、报刊”，为集合名词，通常与 the 连用，但侧重纸质媒体；
- [B] medium：意为 “媒介、媒体”，为单数形式，题干中谓语动词 “suggested” 为原形，需主语为复数；
- [C] channel：意为 “频道、渠道”，不指代 “媒体” 整体；
- [D] media：是 medium 的复数形式，泛指 “各类媒体”，符合语境 “媒体报道学校存在毒品和武器问题”，且与谓语动词单复数一致。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对语境中形容词搭配的掌握。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] decisive：意为 “决定性的、关键的”，固定搭配 “prove decisive in doing sth.” 表示 “在做某事中起到决定性作用”，符合语境 “这些结果对确定罪犯身份至关重要”；
- [B] exact：意为 “精确的”，侧重 “数据、细节准确”，不与 “establishing the criminal's identity” 搭配；
- [C] destructive：意为 “破坏性的”，与语境语义相反；
- [D] definite：意为 “明确的”，侧重 “结论、答案明确”，无法体现 “起到关键作用” 的含义。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对美国父母对学校教育期望的捕捉。
- 答案详解：
文章明确提到 “our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge”，即美国父母送孩子上学是为了获得实用教育，而非纯粹追求知识。由此可知，父母期望孩子获得未来职业所需的实用能力。
- [A]“独立思考的习惯”、[B]“渊博的世界知识”、[D]“追求知识的信心” 均与原文 “实用教育” 的核心不符，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦推理判断，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对美国历史上对 “才智” 态度的把握。
- 答案详解：
文章提到 “From the beginning of our history... our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality... have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book”，即从历史开始，美国人就排斥精英主义，更重视实用性而非书本知识，可见其有 “低估才智” 的历史。
- [B]“支持才智主义” 与原文相反；[C]“支持学校改革” 原文未提及；[D]“压制天赋智力” 混淆了 “intellect（才智）” 与 “native intelligence（天赋智力）”，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦人物观点对比，是阅读理解的高频考点，考查对不同学者教育观点的辨析。
- 答案详解：
Ravitch 认为 “学校本应成为反才智主义的平衡力量，但实际并未做到”，本质上支持学校应重视才智培养；Emerson 则认为 “学校教育和书本学习给孩子带来不自然的束缚”，反对过度强调书本知识（即才智教育），两人观点完全相反。
- [A]“一致的”、[B]“相似的”、[C]“互补的” 均不符合观点对比结果，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦人物立场判断，是阅读理解的难点考点，考查对学者核心观点的提炼。
- 答案详解：
Emerson 认为 “学校教育让孩子被困在课堂，最终只懂理论却一无所知”，且其观点被作为美国反才智主义的例证，可见他是才智主义的反对者。
- [A]“教育改革的先驱”、[C]“支持才智的学者” 与原文观点相反；[D]“常规学校教育的倡导者” 不符合其 “反对学校束缚孩子” 的观点，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦作者态度判断，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对全文主旨与作者立场的把握。
- 答案详解：
作者开篇指出美国不重视才智的现状，随后强调 “缺乏批判性思维会导致社会衰退”，并暗示学校应重视才智培养，可见作者认为才智是值得追求的。
- [A]“次于智力”、[B]“源于常识”、[D]“是权力的基础” 均未在原文体现，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉译英，核心考查并列句翻译、固定搭配及语义连贯，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 句式处理：原文多为并列句，翻译时用 “not only...but also...”“while” 等连接词体现逻辑关系，使句式更符合英文表达习惯；
- 固定搭配：“提供新的动力” 译为 “provide new impetus”，“潜力巨大的市场” 译为 “a market with enormous potential”，“经济互补性” 译为 “economic complementarity”，“经济全球化” 译为 “economic globalization”；
- 语义传达：“资金雄厚” 译为 “abundant capital”，“灿烂的明天” 译为 “a brilliant future”，避免直译；
- 语气保持：原文 “我们相信” 译为 “We firmly believe”，增强语气，呼应 “定将到来” 的坚定态度。
参考译文：
The development of China's economy has not only improved the lives of its own people but also provided new impetus for global economic growth and more business opportunities for developed countries. China is a market with enormous potential, while Western countries boast advanced technology and abundant capital, and the two sides have strong economic complementarity. We firmly believe that economic globalization will make China's economy more developed, and a brilliant future for the Chinese nation is bound to come.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦议论文写作，核心考查观点表达、逻辑架构及语言规范性，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING CREDIT CARDS
Nowadays, a wide variety of credit cards are issued by banks and financial institutions, catering to different needs of consumers, such as travel cards, shopping cards and cashback cards.
Using credit cards brings multiple advantages. Firstly, they are safer than cash, as the risk of theft is reduced with password protection. Secondly, credit cards encourage consumption by offering installment payment options, boosting economic activity. Additionally, the real-name system for credit card usage helps prevent corruption and bribery. However, credit cards also have drawbacks. For instance, they are inconvenient in areas without ATM systems, and card swallowing or over-limit spending often occurs. Moreover, electronic crimes like credit card fraud pose potential risks to users.
Looking ahead, credit cards will become more intelligent and secure with technological advancement. The integration of mobile payment and biometric authentication will address current drawbacks, making credit cards a more reliable and convenient payment tool in the future.
范文解析：
- 结构：严格遵循 “引出话题 — 分析利弊 — 展望未来” 的三段式结构，逻辑清晰，贴合提纲要求；
- 内容：全面覆盖 “品种繁多”“优势与劣势”“未来趋势” 三个要点，论据具体，符合 200 词左右篇幅；
- 语言：使用 “Firstly...Secondly...Additionally...”“For instance...Moreover...” 等逻辑连接词，句式多样（被动语态、定语从句），词汇准确（installment payment, biometric authentication 等），符合学术写作规范。
以上仅为北京化工大学 2010 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇积累、阅读理解的主旨捕捉与细节定位、翻译的语义精准与句式优化、写作的逻辑架构与观点表达，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，夯实备考基础。
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