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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦阅读理解、翻译、写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为大连理工大学 2014 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
Directions: In this part, there are six passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet.
Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school.
We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.
It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute (贫民). Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.
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What is the passage mainly about?
A) How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.
B) How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.
C) How to solve the rising unemployment problem.
D) How to improve the public education system.
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What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?
A) The requirement of educated workers by business.
B) Raising of the legal age for going to work.
C) The trend toward a shorter workday.
D) People's concern for the future of the next generation.
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According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government ______.
A) should allocate Federal funds for public education
B) should demand that local communities provide support
C) should raise taxes to meet the needs of public education
D) should first of all solve the problem of unemployment
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Why does the author say "Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require" (Lines 10-11, Para. 3)?
A) Only by appropriating adequate Federal funds for education can the next generation have a bright future.
B) Citizens of all parts of the country agree that the best way to support education is to use Federal funds.
C) People all over the country should make contributions to education in the interest of the next generation.
D) Educated people are determined to use part of the Federal funds to help the poor.
Directions: Please put the following English passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version clearly and neatly on your Answer Sheet.
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 300 words.
The most prominent trend shown in the graph is an enormous rise in the number of people traveling to and from work by car in the 40 years from 1950 to 1990. In the same period, there was a steep drop in the numbers of people riding bicycles or walking. In addition, the trend was accompanied by a slight decline in the number of bus users.
In 1950, only about 5% of all commuters used cars. This shot up to over 25% in 1970, and to about 30% in 1990. The number of foot travelers halved in both 20-year periods successively, and bike riders followed suit. The use of buses rose sharply until 1970, and then declined to somewhat lower than its former level over the next 20 years.
- [B] How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主旨大意，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对文章核心议题的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
文章开篇指出公立学校面临学生数量激增的问题，进而分析教育成本上升的现状，说明地方社区无力承担，最终提出 “联邦政府应提供资金支持” 的解决方案。核心围绕 “公立教育资金短缺的应对方式” 展开。
- [A]“说服地方社区提供更多资金” 与原文 “地方社区无力承担” 矛盾；[C]“解决失业问题” 是文中提及的背景，非核心主旨；[D]“改善公立教育系统” 未涉及资金这一核心矛盾，故选 [B]。
- [B] Raising of the legal age for going to work.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对学生数量增长原因的精准捕捉。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “The principal difficulty...tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry”，即学生数量增加的主要原因是 “就业法定年龄提高”。
- [A]“企业对受过教育的工人的需求”、[C]“工作日缩短的趋势”、[D]“人们对下一代未来的关注” 均非原文提及的直接原因，故选 [B]。
- [A] should allocate Federal funds for public education.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的高频考点，考查对解决方案的准确把握。
- 答案详解：
文章明确指出 “The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same (as Federal relief for unemployment)”，即公立教育问题的解决应效仿失业问题的联邦救济模式，也就是联邦政府应提供资金。
- [B]“要求地方社区提供支持” 与原文 “地方社区无力承担” 不符；[C]“提高税收” 原文未提及；[D]“首先解决失业问题” 偏离核心，故选 [A]。
- [A] Only by appropriating adequate Federal funds for education can the next generation have a bright future.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦句意推理，是阅读理解的难点考点，考查对作者隐含意图的理解。
- 答案详解：
作者通过该句强调 “拒绝为公立教育提供联邦资金等同于毁掉下一代”，反向推导即 “充足的联邦教育资金是下一代拥有光明未来的保障”。
- [B]“全国公民认同联邦资金是支持教育的最佳方式” 过于绝对；[C]“全国人民应为教育做贡献” 未突出 “联邦资金” 这一核心；[D]“受过教育的人决心用联邦资金帮助穷人” 与句意无关，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦英译汉，核心考查长句拆分、固定搭配及语境语义传达，是考博英语翻译的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 长句拆分：原文多复合句，需按中文表达习惯拆分，如 “since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them” 译为 “书籍分门别类 —— 小说、传记、诗歌 —— 我们理应将其区分开来”，用破折号还原原文逻辑；
- 固定搭配：“take from each what it is right that each should give us” 译为 “从每一类书籍中汲取其应有的养分”，避免直译；“banish preconception” 译为 “摒弃所有先入之见”；“hang back” 译为 “迟疑观望”；
- 语义传达：“blurred and divided minds” 译为 “思绪混乱、三心二意”，贴合语境；“imperceptible fineness” 译为 “难以察觉的精妙之处”；“steep yourself in this” 译为 “沉浸其中”；
- 语气保持：原文强调阅读时的开放心态，译文需保留劝诫的语气，如 “不要指手画脚”“试着与作者融为一体”。
参考译文：
书籍分门别类 —— 小说、传记、诗歌 —— 我们理应将其区分开来，从每一类书籍中汲取其应有的养分。然而，很少有人会向书籍索要它们所能给予的东西。最常见的情况是，我们带着混乱且矛盾的心态去读书：要求小说真实可信，要求诗歌虚伪造作，要求传记阿谀奉承，要求历史印证自己的偏见。如果我们读书时能摒弃所有这类先入之见，那将是一个绝佳的开端。不要对作者指手画脚，试着与作者融为一体，做他的同行与伙伴。若你一开始就迟疑观望、有所保留或急于批评，便会阻碍自己从书中获取最大价值。但如果你能尽可能敞开心扉，那么从开篇句子的字里行间中，那些难以察觉的精妙之处的蛛丝马迹，将会带你邂逅一个独一无二的灵魂。沉浸其中，熟悉这位灵魂伴侣，你很快就会发现，作者正在或试图给予你一些远比表面更确切的东西。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦图表类报告写作，核心考查数据描述、趋势分析及逻辑组织能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
This report aims to describe the changes in commuting modes (car, bicycle, walking, and bus) in a city over the 40-year period from 1950 to 1990, based on the provided data.
As is shown in the data, the most remarkable trend was the dramatic increase in car usage among commuters. In 1950, only about 5% of people traveled to and from work by car. This figure surged to over 25% in 1970 and further rose to approximately 30% in 1990, making cars the most popular commuting mode by the end of the period.
In contrast, there were significant declines in walking and cycling. The proportion of foot travelers halved every 20 years: it started at a relatively high level in 1950 but dropped sharply to a much lower percentage by 1990. Similarly, the number of bicycle riders followed a similar downward trend, reflecting a shift away from these active commuting methods.
Regarding bus usage, the trend was more fluctuating. After a sharp rise until 1970, the percentage of bus commuters began to decline over the next two decades, eventually falling to a level slightly lower than its initial figure in 1950.
Overall, the data reveals a clear shift in commuting preferences from active, low-carbon modes (walking and cycling) to motorized transport (cars) over the 40-year period. This change may be attributed to factors such as economic development, improved living standards, and the increasing availability of private cars. Meanwhile, the slight decline in bus usage suggests that public transport may have failed to compete effectively with private cars during this period.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “总述目的 — 分述趋势 — 总结分析” 的报告结构，逻辑清晰；
- 数据处理：准确描述关键数据（增长、下降比例及节点），避免机械罗列，突出趋势变化；
- 语言：使用 “surged”“halved”“fluctuating” 等专业词汇，句式多样（被动语态、定语从句），符合学术报告的语言规范；
- 分析：结尾简要分析变化原因，提升报告深度，符合 300 词以上的篇幅要求。
以上仅为大连理工大学 2014 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨捕捉与细节定位、翻译的语义精准与句式优化、写作的逻辑架构与数据呈现，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，夯实备考基础。
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