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As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution ______.
A. caused widespread damage in the countryside
B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C. had damaging effects on health
D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas
- 正确答案：D
- 解析：本题为细节定位题，需锁定文章开篇对 “人们过去对空气污染认知” 的描述。
原文首句明确提到：“It was once thought that air pollution affects only the area immediately around large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic.”（人们曾认为空气污染仅影响有工厂或交通拥堵的大城市周边区域），核心是 “空气污染仅存在于城市和工业区域”。
- A 选项 “在农村造成广泛破坏”，与原文 “仅影响大城市周边” 矛盾，排除；
- B 选项 “影响美国整个东半部”，这是 “如今发现的现象”，而非 “过去的认知”，排除；
- C 选项 “对健康有破坏性影响”，原文未提及 “过去人们认为空气污染影响健康”，仅强调 “影响区域”，排除；
- D 选项 “仅存在于城市和工业区域”，与 “affects only the area immediately around large cities with factories” 完全对应，正确。
Which of the following is NOT true about Conan Doyle and his family?
A. He came from a middle-class family.
B. They led a hard life in Edinburgh.
C. His father was addicted to drinking.
D. His mother had received little education.
- 正确答案：D
- 解析：本题为细节判断题（选非题），需逐一核对选项与原文信息是否一致。
- A 选项 “他来自中产阶级家庭”，原文第三段提到 “Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, in a respectable middle-class Catholic family”（柯南・道尔出生于爱丁堡一个体面的中产阶级天主教家庭），表述正确；
- B 选项 “他们在爱丁堡过着艰苦的生活”，原文第三段提到 “it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money, they moved frequently in search of lower rents”（生活并不轻松，钱总是不够，为了更低的房租频繁搬家），表述正确；
- C 选项 “他的父亲酗酒”，原文第三段提到 “his father, a civil servant and illustrator was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized”（父亲是公务员兼插画师，酗酒且需被收容治疗），表述正确；
- D 选项 “他的母亲受教育程度低”，原文未提及任何关于 “母亲教育背景” 的信息，属于无中生有，表述错误，故为正确答案。
The (1)______ over Davos were said (2)______ have darkened last week as 1,700 private jets delivered the world's elite to its annual convention.
-
（1）正确答案：skies
-
解析：本题考查语境名词搭配。后文提到 “1,700 private jets”（1700 架私人飞机），结合 “darkened”（变暗），可知此处描述 “达沃斯上空的天空”，“the skies over + 地点” 为固定表达，意为 “某地的上空”，符合 “飞机在天空飞行” 的语境，故填 “skies”。
-
（2）正确答案：to
-
解析：本题考查固定句式。“be said to do sth.” 为固定结构，意为 “据说做某事”，此处 “were said ______ have darkened” 需填入 “to”，构成 “be said to have done”（据说已经做了某事），符合语法规则，故填 “to”。
You can picture (3)______ moment a shepherd's child on an Alpine mountain pointing(4)______ one, then two, then a vast (5)______ of hawk-like aircraft materializing with their consignment of power brokers, roaring overhead as the sheep scatter in (6)______.
-
（5）正确答案：flock
-
解析：本题考查名词搭配。“a vast ______ of aircraft”（大量飞机），“flock” 可用于修饰 “成群的飞行器”，“a flock of” 为固定短语，意为 “一群；大量”，比 “number”（a number of）更贴合 “hawk-like aircraft”（鹰一样的飞机）的比喻，故填 “flock”。
-
（6）正确答案：panic
-
解析：本题考查语境名词。前文提到 “roaring overhead”（飞机在头顶轰鸣），结合 “sheep scatter”（羊群四散），可知羊群因惊吓而慌乱，“in panic” 为固定短语，意为 “惊慌地”，符合 “飞机轰鸣导致羊群慌乱逃跑” 的语境，故填 “panic”。
This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam. Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all of which
is made up of molecules with the formula H₂O.
（选项 D：is）
- 错误：is → are
- 解析：本题考查主谓一致。定语从句 “all of which ______ made up of...” 中，先行词为 “the gas, the liquid, and the solid”（气体、液体和固体），是三者并列的复数概念，从句谓语动词需用复数形式 “are”，而非单数 “is”，故将 “is” 改为 “are”。
The drop in the price of Brent crude from a high of more than $100 a barrel in June to less than $60 earlier this month has put extra money into
consumer's pockets and boosted fuel-intensive businesses...
（选项 B：consumer's）
- 错误：consumer's → consumers'
- 解析：本题考查名词所有格的单复数。“consumer's pockets”（消费者的口袋）中，“consumer”（消费者）为可数名词，此处指 “广大消费者”，需用复数形式 “consumers”，其所有格为 “consumers'”，表示 “众多消费者的”，故将 “consumer's” 改为 “consumers'”。
原文：有些人把读书当作疲劳工作中的一种休息，并不是读一本书就预先想定读它要派何种用场，即 “不为什么而读”。但日积月累，确实可以长知识、广见闻、有效益。
- 参考译文：Some people regard reading as a form of rest after tiring work; they do not pre-determine the purpose of reading a book before starting it, which is called "reading without a specific reason". However, over time, reading can indeed expand one's knowledge, broaden one's horizons, and bring practical benefits.
- 解析：
- 句式拆分：前半句 “把读书当作休息，不预先想定用场” 拆分为两个分句，用分号连接，避免英文长句晦涩；“即‘不为什么而读’” 译为非限制性定语从句 “which is called...”，明确解释前文内容。
- 关键词处理：“疲劳工作” 译为 “tiring work”（避免直译 “fatigue work”）；“预先想定读它要派何种用场” 译为 “pre-determine the purpose of reading a book before starting it”，补充 “before starting it” 使逻辑更清晰；“长知识、广见闻” 译为 “expand one's knowledge, broaden one's horizons”（固定搭配，符合英文表达习惯）；“有效益” 译为 “bring practical benefits”，强调 “实际益处”，避免直译 “have benefits” 的模糊性。
原文：Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing. Authenticity is. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming a credible, responsible person.
- 参考译文：成功者拥有不同的潜力。成就并非最重要的，真诚才是。真诚的人通过认识自我、保持自我、成为可靠且有责任感的人，来体验真实的自我。
- 解析：
- 语义精准：“Authenticity” 译为 “真诚”（而非 “真实性”），契合 “认识自我、保持自我” 的语境，体现人的品质；“credible, responsible person” 译为 “可靠且有责任感的人”，拆分形容词，符合中文短句表达习惯。
- 逻辑连贯：通过 “并非…… 才是” 的对比句式，保留原文 “成就与真诚” 的对比关系；“by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming...” 译为 “通过认识自我、保持自我、成为……”，用排比结构体现动作的递进，使译文流畅自然。
- 参考范文：
My View on WeChat
WeChat has become an indispensable part of modern life, bringing both convenience and challenges. On the positive side, it serves as a multi-functional platform: we chat with friends via text or voice calls for free, share daily moments on Moments, and even handle daily tasks like paying bills or booking tickets. During the pandemic, it also facilitated remote work and online learning, connecting people despite physical distance.
However, WeChat has its drawbacks. Excessive use can lead to addiction—many people spend hours scrolling through Moments or short videos, wasting time and harming eyesight. Moreover, the spread of false information on WeChat Moments may mislead the public, and privacy leaks from excessive data collection are also a concern.
In my opinion, WeChat itself is neither good nor bad; it depends on how we use it. We should make the most of its convenience while setting limits on usage time. For example, we can turn off non-essential notifications to avoid distractions and verify information before sharing. By using WeChat wisely, we can let it enhance our life rather than control it.
- 解析：
- 结构清晰：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，首段肯定微信的重要性及优势，中段分析弊端，结尾提出 “合理使用” 的观点，逻辑连贯；
- 内容具体：结合 “免费通话、支付、疫情期间远程办公” 等实例说明优势，用 “信息虚假、隐私泄露” 等具体问题说明弊端，避免空洞论述；
- 语言规范：用词准确（如 “indispensable”“facilitated”“mislead”），句式多样（含让步状语从句、宾语从句），篇幅控制在 240 词左右，符合考博英语写作要求。
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