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他从没有上过大学，但他的事业并没有因此而受到明显的妨碍。
A. prevented
B. restrained
C. hindered
D. refrained
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题考查动词词义辨析，核心语境是 “事业未受明显妨碍”，需区分 “妨碍” 类动词的语义差异。
- A 选项 prevented 意为 “阻止、妨碍”，侧重 “有意识地用阻碍物阻止某人做某事”，语气较强，常搭配 “prevent sb. from doing sth.”，如 “prevent him from starting the business”（阻止他创业），此处 “事业未受明显妨碍” 并非 “被主动阻止”，不符合语境；
- B 选项 restrained 意为 “遏制、管制”，侧重 “通过约束限制行为”，如 “restrain one's anger”（克制愤怒），与 “事业发展” 搭配不当；
- C 选项 hindered 意为 “阻碍、妨碍”，强调 “暂时的延误或轻微的阻碍”，语气较温和，符合 “事业未受明显妨碍” 的 “轻微影响” 语境，为正确答案；
- D 选项 refrained 意为 “克制、抑制”，主语多为人，搭配 “refrain from doing sth.”（克制不做某事），如 “refrain from smoking”（戒烟），与 “事业” 无逻辑关联，排除。
该国曾经有个小村里的所有生灵与周围环境和谐相处。
A. coincidence
B. harmony
C. uniform
D. alliance
- 正确答案：B
- 解析：本题考查名词词义及固定搭配，核心是 “与环境和谐相处”，需选择符合 “和谐” 语义且能搭配 “with” 的名词。
- A 选项 coincidence 意为 “巧合、一致”，固定搭配 “in coincidence with”（与…… 观点一致），侧重 “偶然的一致”，与 “生灵与环境” 的长期关系无关；
- B 选项 harmony 意为 “和谐、一致”，固定搭配 “in harmony with”（与…… 和谐相处），完美契合 “生灵与环境和谐” 的语境，为正确答案；
- C 选项 uniform 意为 “制服、军服”，为具体物品，与 “和谐” 语义无关；
- D 选项 alliance 意为 “结盟、同盟”，侧重 “利益相关方的合作联盟”，如 “military alliance”（军事同盟），与 “环境” 搭配不当，排除。
According to the passage, the problematic situation mentioned refers to a conflict between ______.
A. environmentalists and the government
B. corporations and individuals
C. environmentalists, corporations and job-losers
D. developed countries and developing countries
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题为细节定位题，需锁定原文对 “problematic situation” 的描述。
原文第一段明确提到 “The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs”（这种棘手的形势使环保主义者的利益，与企业利益及面临失业的个人利益对立起来），核心冲突方为 “环保主义者、企业、失业者”。
- A 选项 “环保主义者与政府”，原文未提及 “政府”，排除；
- B 选项 “企业与个人”，仅提及冲突的部分方，遗漏 “环保主义者”，表述不完整；
- C 选项 “环保主义者、企业与失业者”，与原文 “environmentalists against corporations and individuals who stood to lose jobs” 完全对应，正确；
- D 选项 “发达国家与发展中国家”，这是后文提及的 “森林保护与贫困” 的冲突，并非题干中 “problematic situation” 所指的初始冲突，排除。
What is the author's attitude towards the current situation of literary reading?
A. Optimistic.
B. Pessimistic.
C. Neutral.
D. Indifferent.
- 正确答案：B
- 解析：本题考查作者态度推断，需结合 Passage 2 第一段内容分析。
原文第一段（根据答案解析提示）提到 “文学阅读现状相当惨淡”，如 “读者不愿深入阅读、甚至不背诵喜爱的文学作品”，作者通过 “let alone that most important tribute... which is to learn it by heart”（更不用说背诵这种对文学作品最重要的致敬方式）的递进表述，暗含对现状的担忧。
- A 选项 Optimistic（乐观的）与 “现状惨淡” 矛盾；
- B 选项 Pessimistic（悲观的）符合 “对文学阅读衰退的担忧”，正确；
- C 选项 Neutral（中立的）、D 选项 Indifferent（冷漠的）均未体现作者对 “阅读衰退” 的负面评价，排除。
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (46) ______ in your work would depend, to a great extent, on your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.
A. improvement
B. victory
C. failure
D. achievement
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题考查上下文逻辑衔接，前文提到 “strengths and weaknesses”（优势与劣势），后文 “Success or ______” 需体现 “成功与失败” 的对立，与 “优势与劣势” 形成呼应。
- A 选项 improvement（改进）、B 选项 victory（胜利）、D 选项 achievement（成就）均为积极含义，无法与 “Success” 形成 “对立选择”；
- C 选项 failure（失败）与 “Success” 构成完美对立，符合 “成功或失败取决于能否利用优劣势” 的逻辑，正确。
A person who begins a job convinced that he isn't going to like it or is (51) ______ that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is convinced that he is probably as capable (52) ______ doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt at it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The (53) ______ to do work well is a strength. (54) ______ the necessary skills for a particular job is a strength.
A. possess
B. possessing
C. possessed
D. possesses
- 正确答案：B
- 解析：本题考查非谓语动词，句子主干为 “______ the necessary skills... is a strength”（拥有特定工作的必要技能是一种优势），需选择能作主语的非谓语形式。
- A 选项 possess（动词原形）、D 选项 possesses（第三人称单数）均为谓语动词，不能作主语；
- C 选项 possessed（过去分词）表被动，“技能被拥有” 不符合 “人拥有技能” 的逻辑；
- B 选项 possessing（现在分词）作主语，表 “主动拥有”，符合 “拥有技能是优势” 的语境，正确。
- 参考范文：
My Idea of Dreams, Good or Bad for Us?
Nowadays, many people tend to be overly realistic, ignoring dreams in their lives. Some argue that realism helps avoid disappointment, while others insist dreams are essential for a meaningful life. From my perspective, dreams are undoubtedly beneficial to us.
First, dreams provide clear goals. Life without dreams is like a ship without a compass—we may drift aimlessly. For example, a student with a dream of becoming a scientist will focus on studying science courses and doing experiments, rather than wasting time on meaningless things. Second, dreams fuel motivation. When we face difficulties, dreams remind us of our ultimate purpose and encourage us to keep going. A 创业者 (entrepreneur) who dreams of building a social enterprise may overcome financial crises because of his belief in the dream. Finally, dreams add color to life. They make us enthusiastic about each day, turning ordinary routines into steps towards a bigger goal.
Admittedly, unrealistic dreams may bring frustration, but we can adjust dreams according to reality instead of giving them up. As history shows, all successful people share a common trait—they hold fast to their dreams. Thus, dreams are not just fantasies, but the driving force for a better life.
- 解析：
- 结构清晰：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，首段提出 “梦想有益” 的观点，中段从 “提供目标、激发动力、丰富生活” 三个维度论证，结尾强调 “调整梦想而非放弃”，逻辑连贯；
- 内容具体：结合 “学生逐梦科学家”“创业者逐梦社会企业” 等实例，避免空洞论述，增强说服力；
- 语言规范：用词准确（如 “drift aimlessly”“fuel motivation”“hold fast to”），句式多样（含比喻句、让步状语从句），篇幅符合考博英语写作要求。
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