河北大学 2016 年考博英语（B 卷）真题（样本展示）

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河北大学 2016 年考博英语（B 卷）真题（精选样本）

一、词汇（每题 1 分）

1. It is apparent that new energy sources will be required to keep up the ______ societies of the world in the future.
   A. civil B. civilian C. civilized D. civic
2. Now the new engine is ______ more and more public attention.
   A. receiving B. accepting C. obtaining D. focusing

二、语法（每题 1 分）

11. If I were you, I ______ try the Chinese Restaurant on King Street.
    A. will B. must C. have to D. would
12. If I ______ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
    A. had worked B. worked C. were to work D. were working

三、阅读理解（节选 2 篇，含 5 题，每题 2 分）

Passage 2

36. What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?

    A. A few people are really proficient.

    B. No one is proficient.

    C. Many people are fairly good.

    D. Some people are moderately proficient.
37. The author believes that people tackle the pronunciation problems in the wrong way mainly for the reason that ______

    A. they do not truly understand the problem.

    B. they do not know how to pronounce the foreign language correctly.

    C. nobody tells them how to pronounce the foreign language correctly.

    D. the general phonetic theory is difficult to learn.
38. The best way of learning to speak a foreign language, according to the author, is ______

    A. to have the children pick up the language in a foreign environment.

    B. to hire a foreign teacher at home.

    C. to devote some time to the pronunciation learning in a systematic way.

    D. to have the children learn to pronounce the language casually.

Passage 3

41. One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that ______

    A. those countries encourage people to have large families.

    B. people can get government support if they have more kids.

    C. improved public health standards have reduced death rate greatly.

    D. those countries have enough resources to support a large population.
42. According to the writer, developed countries prefer ______

    A. a stable population.

    B. a fast increasing population.

    C. a slowly growing population.

    D. a steadily decreasing population.

四、翻译（节选 2 句，每题 3 分）

1. In this part, there are independent sentences, which you should translate into Chinese. You should write your translated sentences on the Answer Sheet.

51. They appear to be promoting a sports event when, in fact, they are selling cigarettes. It is harmful in the long run when cigarette companies sponsor sports events and music concerts which otherwise might not be performed for lack of money.

五、写作（20 分）

1. 人们越来越重视娱乐；
2. 娱乐方式多种多样，我最喜欢的是……；
3. 选择这种娱乐方式的原因。

答案详解（附考点定位、核心要点）

一、词汇答案

1. [C] civilized

• 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，考查对 “社会” 相关形容词的精准运用。
• 答案详解：
  选项分析：
• [A] civil：意为 “民事的、公民的”，侧重法律或社会权利相关（如 civil rights）；
• [B] civilian：意为 “平民的、民用的”，与 “军事的” 相对（如 civilian clothes）；
• [C] civilized：意为 “文明的”，修饰 “societies”（社会），表示 “文明社会”，符合语境 “新能源将支撑世界文明社会的发展”；
• [D] civic：意为 “城市的、公民的”，侧重城市或公民义务（如 civic duty）。

5. [A] receiving

• 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “获得关注” 的固定表达。
• 答案详解：
  选项分析：
• [A] receiving：意为 “收到、获得”，固定搭配 “receive attention” 表示 “获得关注”，符合语境 “新引擎越来越受公众关注”；
• [B] accepting：意为 “接受”，侧重主观同意接收（如 accept an invitation）；
• [C] obtaining：意为 “获取”，侧重通过努力获得（如 obtain a degree）；
• [D] focusing：意为 “聚焦”，需与 “on” 搭配（focus on），此处无介词，语法不符。

二、语法答案

11. [D] would

• 考点定位：本题聚焦虚拟语气，是语法部分的核心考点，考查对与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的掌握。
• 答案详解：
  虚拟条件句中，从句 “if I were you” 表示与现在事实相反（我不可能是你），主句需用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。A 选项 “will”（一般将来时）、B 选项 “must”（必须）、C 选项 “have to”（不得不）均不用于虚拟语气主句，故选 [D]。

15. [A] had worked

• 考点定位：本题聚焦混合虚拟语气，是语法部分的难点考点，考查对 “从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反” 的虚拟结构的掌握。
• 答案详解：
  主句 “would be sitting in a comfortable office now” 表示与现在事实相反（现在不在舒适办公室），从句 “if I... harder at school” 表示与过去事实相反（上学时未努力），故从句需用过去完成时 “had + 过去分词”。B 选项 “worked”（一般过去时，用于从句与现在事实相反）、C 选项 “were to work”（用于将来虚拟）、D 选项 “were working”（过去进行时，不用于虚拟条件句），故选 [A]。

三、阅读理解答案

Passage 2

36. [A] A few people are really proficient.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对作者观点的精准捕捉。
• 答案详解：
  原文提到 “few people even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages”，“few” 表示 “几乎没有”，即只有极少数人真正精通外语发音。B 选项 “无人精通” 过于绝对；C 选项 “很多人相当好”、D 选项 “一些人中等精通” 均与 “few” 的语义矛盾，故选 [A]。

37. [A] they do not truly understand the problem.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对发音问题根源的把握。
• 答案详解：
  原文明确指出 “the fundamental reason... is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce”，即人们用错误方式处理发音问题的根本原因是没有真正理解问题本质。B 选项 “不知道如何正确发音”、C 选项 “没人教如何正确发音”、D 选项 “语音理论难学” 均非作者强调的核心原因，故选 [A]。

38. [C] to devote some time to the pronunciation learning in a systematic way.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦推理判断，是阅读理解的高频考点，考查对作者建议的提炼。
• 答案详解：
  作者认为 “English pronunciation must be taught”“devote some of the lesson time to this”，即发音需要专门教学和时间投入，需系统学习。A 选项 “在国外环境中习得”、B 选项 “聘请外教”、D 选项 “随意学习发音” 均未体现 “系统教学” 的核心，故选 [C]。

Passage 3

41. [C] improved public health standards have reduced death rate greatly.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对欠发达国家人口增长原因的捕捉。
• 答案详解：
  原文明确提到 “a high birth-rate is accompanied by a lowered death rate thanks to improved standards of public health”，即公共卫生标准提高降低了死亡率，导致人口快速增长。A 选项 “国家鼓励多生育”、B 选项 “多生孩子获政府支持”、D 选项 “资源充足能支撑大量人口” 均未提及，故选 [C]。

45. [C] a slowly growing population.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对发达国家人口偏好的把握。
• 答案详解：
  原文结尾提到 “the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline”，即发达国家更倾向于人口缓慢增长。A 选项 “稳定人口”、B 选项 “快速增长人口”、D 选项 “稳步减少人口” 均与原文不符，故选 [C]。

四、翻译答案

51. They appear to be promoting a sports event when, in fact, they are selling cigarettes. It is harmful in the long run when cigarette companies sponsor sports events and music concerts which otherwise might not be performed for lack of money.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查状语从句、定语从句及固定短语，是翻译部分的重点考点。
• 答案详解：
  翻译要点：
• “appear to be doing” 译为 “看似在做某事”，体现转折逻辑；
• “in the long run” 译为 “从长远来看”，固定短语准确；
• 定语从句 “which otherwise might not be performed for lack of money” 译为 “否则这些活动可能因资金短缺而无法举办”，“otherwise” 译为 “否则”，逻辑清晰；
• 主句 “it is harmful” 译为 “这是有害的”，简洁明了，符合中文表达习惯。
  参考译文：他们看似在推广一项体育赛事，实际上却是在销售香烟。从长远来看，当烟草公司赞助那些否则可能因资金短缺而无法举办的体育赛事和音乐会时，这是有害的。

五、写作答案

• 考点定位：本题聚焦议论文写作，核心考查观点表达、逻辑架构及原因阐述，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
• 答案详解：
  参考范文：
  My Favorite Form of Entertainment
  With the improvement of living standards, people are paying more and more attention to entertainment, which helps relieve stress and enrich life. There are various forms of entertainment, such as watching movies, traveling, and playing sports. Among them, reading books is my favorite.

• 结构：严格遵循 “引出话题 — 介绍喜好 — 阐述原因 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，贴合题目提纲要求；
• 内容：覆盖 “重视娱乐”“喜好阅读”“选择原因” 三个要点，论据具体，符合 120 词以上篇幅；
• 语言：使用 “With the improvement of”“Among them”“The reasons why” 等逻辑连接词，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），词汇准确（broaden horizons, hustle and bustle, self-improvement），符合学术写作规范。