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What is the author's view of America's adversarial legal system?
A. It is the embodiment of the ideal of equality before the law.
B. It is the fairest criminal-justice system in the world.
C. As it is, it benefits the rich but works against the poor.
D. It is unfair by nature and should be overhauled.
- 定位原文核心观点:第二段首句否定了 “美国司法系统是世界上最公平的” 这一普遍认知,随后指出 “约 80% 的重罪被告依赖公共提供的律师,但政客削减公共辩护资金、最高法院限制上诉理由,导致吉迪恩案确立的原则沦为笑柄”;第三段直接点明 “我们的司法系统是基于财富的 —— 富人能获得优质辩护,穷人却如同被赶入屠宰场”。
- 选项分析:
- A. 原文提到这是 “过去人们对司法系统的印象”,而非作者观点,排除;
- B. 与原文 “Nothing could be further from the truth”(与事实相去甚远)直接相悖,排除;
- C. “造福富人、不利于穷人” 与原文 “财富基于的司法系统”“穷人的对抗性系统几乎不存在” 完全一致,正确;
- D. 作者批判的是司法系统的 “现实执行偏差”,而非 “本质不公”,也未提出 “彻底改革” 的主张,过度解读,排除。
- 解题关键:抓住作者对司法系统 “理想与现实” 的对比,聚焦 “财富差异导致的司法不公” 这一核心论点。
The best title for the passage is ______.
A. The 1992 Los Angeles Riots
B. The Impact of Media on Current Events
C. The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots
D. How Media Cover Events
- 梳理全文逻辑:首段提出核心论点 “媒体能影响时事”,随后以伯克利校园事件、旧金山地震、伊拉克战争、洛杉矶骚乱为例,分别说明媒体对事件的 “呈现、反馈与推动作用”,最后强调电子媒体会持续参与时事进程。
- 选项分析:
- A. “洛杉矶骚乱” 仅为文中一个案例,无法概括全文,排除;
- B. “媒体对时事的影响” 精准对应首段论点及全文案例论证,是核心主旨,正确;
- C. “地震与骚乱” 是两个具体案例,属于细节而非主旨,排除;
- D. “媒体如何报道事件” 侧重 “报道方式”,而原文核心是 “报道产生的影响”,偏离主旨,排除。
- 解题关键:区分 “案例细节” 与 “核心论点”,通过首段论点句锁定主旨方向。
World population will continue rising from the current 5 billion until about 2050, but if the trends of the 1980s continue, it will ______ at about 9 billion.
A. level up B. level off C. level on D. level down
- 短语含义辨析:
- A. level up:意为 “升级;提高水平”,如 “level up skills”(提升技能),与 “人口增长后趋于稳定” 语义不符,排除;
- B. level off:意为 “趋于平稳;不再增长”,符合 “人口持续增长后在 90 亿左右稳定下来” 的语境,正确;
- C. level on:无此固定搭配,排除;
- D. level down:意为 “降低水平;拉平差距”,如 “level down income gaps”(缩小收入差距),与人口增长趋势相悖,排除。
- 语境提示:“continue rising” 与 “but” 形成转折,暗示后续 “增长停止并稳定”,level off 精准匹配这一逻辑。
Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of ______ love.
A. profound B. external C. eternal D. extensive
- 词汇含义辨析:
- A. profound:意为 “深刻的;深奥的”,如 “profound love”(深厚的爱),侧重情感深度,与 “圆圈无始无终” 的象征意义无关,排除;
- B. external:意为 “外部的;表面的”,如 “external appearance”(外在表象),语义不符,排除;
- C. eternal:意为 “永恒的;不朽的”,圆圈 “无始无终” 的特性与 “永恒的爱” 形成完美象征关联,符合婚礼戒指的文化寓意,正确;
- D. extensive:意为 “广泛的;大量的”,如 “extensive knowledge”(广博的知识),不用于形容爱情,排除。
- 文化语境:婚礼戒指以圆圈象征 “爱情永恒、无始无终” 是固定文化内涵,eternal 是该象征意义的精准对应词汇。
treatment (42) ______ in about 90 percent of all cases.
- 逻辑衔接与语义匹配:
- 前文提到 “肺癌是死亡率最高的癌症,病因明确,筛查作用有限”,后文得出 “核心策略必须是预防” 的结论,由此可推断 “治疗在 90% 的病例中无效”,故填入 “fails”(失败;无效)。
- 语法验证:主语 “treatment” 为单数,全文时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数 “fails”,符合语法规则。
- 语境逻辑:“筛查无用 + 治疗无效” 共同支撑 “预防是核心策略” 的论点,语义连贯。
reducing its (59) ______ are already reliably known
- 词汇含义与语境匹配:
- 前文围绕 “肺癌预防” 展开,此处指 “减少肺癌的发病率”,“incidence” 意为 “发病率;发生率”,是医学语境中描述疾病发生频率的固定词汇,符合 “通过预防降低肺癌发生概率” 的语义。
- 干扰排除:“occurrence”(发生)侧重单次事件,“prevalence”(患病率)侧重患病总人数,均不如 “incidence” 精准对应 “预防降低发病频率” 的核心逻辑。
More carbon dioxide on the face of it means a hotter earth and that might lead to heaving seas, scorching summers, dying forests, and a watery end to the world's coastal cities.
表面上看,二氧化碳增多意味着地球会变得更热,这可能导致海平面上升、夏季酷热、森林枯萎,以及世界沿海城市被洪水淹没的结局。
- 短语精准翻译:
- “on the face of it” 译为 “表面上看”,避免直译 “从表面看” 的生硬感;
- “heaving seas” 结合语境译为 “海平面上升”,比 “汹涌的海洋” 更贴合 “全球变暖的影响”;
- “scorching summers” 译为 “夏季酷热”,精准传递 “灼热” 的程度;
- “a watery end” 译为 “被洪水淹没的结局”,具象化 “被水覆盖” 的后果,语义完整。
- 句式优化:
- 原文长宾语从句拆分为中文短句,用 “导致”“以及” 衔接,符合中文 “多短句、重逻辑” 的表达习惯,避免英文长句的晦涩感。
Without this effect, the earth would be some 30°C colder than it is, and life would scarcely exist.
如果没有这种温室效应,地球温度将比现在低约 30 摄氏度,生命几乎无法存在。
- 语义精准还原:
- “this effect” 指代前文 “温室效应”,补充 “温室” 二字明确所指,避免歧义;
- “some 30°C colder” 译为 “低约 30 摄氏度”,“some” 此处表 “大约”,准确传递估算含义;
- “scarcely exist” 译为 “几乎无法存在”,比 “几乎不存在” 更贴合 “生命生存的苛刻条件”,语义更严谨。
- 语法处理:
- 虚拟语气 “would be... would scarcely exist” 译为 “将比现在低…… 几乎无法存在”,保留虚拟语气的假设含义,符合中文表达逻辑。
- 开篇点题:明确高校将硕士学制从三年缩短为两年的核心目的 —— 适配就业市场需求、提高教育效率、降低学生时间成本,但改革已暴露诸多弊端,需理性看待。
- 核心论点展开:
- 论点一:缩短学制的初衷合理。一是缓解就业压力,让学生更早进入职场;二是优化教育资源配置,避免学术研究的低效冗余;三是减轻学生经济负担,缩短求学周期。
- 论点二:弊端日益凸显。学术研究方面,两年制难以完成深度课题研究,论文质量下滑;实践能力方面,实习与课程冲突,学生缺乏足够时间积累职场经验;教学质量方面,课程压缩导致知识传授碎片化,学生难以构建完整的知识体系。
- 论点三:我的看法。学制改革需 “分类施策”:学术型硕士应保留三年制,保障研究深度;专业型硕士可采用弹性学制(2-3 年),兼顾实践与效率;高校需优化课程设置,避免 “一刀切”,平衡知识传授、学术研究与实践应用。
- 结尾总结:硕士学制改革的核心是 “质量优先”,而非单纯缩短时间。唯有结合培养目标分类调整,才能既适配社会需求,又保障教育质量,实现硕士教育的可持续发展。
Shortening the Schooling Length of Master Degree Candidates
In recent years, many universities have shortened the schooling length of master degree candidates from three years to two, aiming to adapt to the job market, improve educational efficiency and reduce students' burden. While the original intention is understandable, the reform has exposed serious drawbacks that cannot be ignored.
The main purposes of shortening the schooling length are reasonable. For one thing, it helps students enter the job market earlier, alleviating the employment pressure faced by graduates. For another, it optimizes the allocation of educational resources, avoiding the inefficient redundancy in academic research for some professional master programs. Additionally, it reduces the time and economic costs for students and their families, which is welcomed by many.
However, the negative effects of the reform have become increasingly obvious. First, for academic master candidates, two years is too short to conduct in-depth research. The compressed time leads to hasty thesis writing and declining research quality. Second, professional master candidates suffer from the conflict between courses and internships. They have to rush through courses while looking for internships, resulting in insufficient practical experience. Third, the compressed curriculum makes knowledge transmission fragmented, and students struggle to build a complete knowledge system.
In my opinion, the reform should not adopt a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Academic master programs should retain the three-year system to ensure the depth of academic research. For professional master programs, a flexible schooling length (2-3 years) is more appropriate, allowing students to adjust according to their practical needs. Moreover, universities should optimize the curriculum structure, integrate theoretical courses with practical training, and ensure that the quality of education is not compromised by the shortened length.
In conclusion, the core of master degree education reform is to balance efficiency and quality. Only by classifying the schooling length based on training objectives can we truly meet the needs of society and ensure the healthy development of master education.
- 主题契合:紧扣 “缩短硕士学制” 的目的、弊端与看法,完全遵循题干大纲要求;
- 逻辑严谨:采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构,分论点用 “For one thing... However... In my opinion...” 清晰衔接,论证层层递进;
- 语言规范:使用 “alleviating”“fragmented”“flexible schooling length” 等学术词汇,句式包含定语从句、状语从句,符合考博英语写作的正式性要求,字数约 350 词,满足题干限制。
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