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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为昆明理工大学 2018 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.
A. appear B. appeared C. appearing D. appears
- They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.
A. adverse B. beneficial C. inclusive D. consequential
As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar”-online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internet's special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.
Cafepress.com is one of the latter group. It’s a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mousepads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.
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The expression “weathering the storm” in the first sentence means ______
A. surviving a crisis B. coming into being C. struggling in the storm D. being dominated by a stormy high tech wave
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The first kind of site differs from the second kind of site in that ______
A. the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service
B. the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categories
C. the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerce
D. the second kind offers untraditional jobs to people experienced in auctioning
A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their No. 1 priority. If we hope to find love, we must first find time for loving. Unfortunately, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego.
为了成长，为了游历新的道路，人们需乐于去冒险，去面对未知，去接受最初会 “失败” 的可能性。
Directions: Write an essay under the title “Minds for the Future” based on Winston Churchill’s statement “The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.” You must cover the following points: 1. List different minds needed for success in the 21st century. 2. Elaborate the minds listed. 3. How to cultivate these minds. Your essay should be no less than 200 words.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦非谓语动词，是语法部分的核心考点，考查现在分词作时间状语的用法。
- 答案详解：
句子主语 “she” 与 “appear” 为主动关系，“when appearing at the door” 相当于 “when she appeared at the door”，符合非谓语动词作状语的语法规则。
选项分析：
- [A] appear：动词原形不能直接作状语；
- [B] appeared：过去分词表被动，与主语逻辑关系不符；
- [D] appears：第三人称单数形式，不能作状语，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “对金融市场产生负面影响” 语境的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “他们担心这会对全球金融市场产生不利影响”，需选择 “不利的、有害的” 含义的词汇。
选项分析：
- [A] adverse：意为 “不利的、有害的”，契合 “对金融市场产生负面影响” 的语义；
- [B] beneficial：意为 “有益的”，与语境相反；
- [C] inclusive：意为 “包含的”，语义无关；
- [D] consequential：意为 “随之而来的”，未体现 “不利” 的核心含义，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦词义猜测，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对语境中短语含义的推断能力。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “高科技浪潮退去冲击电子商务领域”，而两类网站 “weathering the storm”，结合后文对两类网站商业模式的介绍（传统企业线上延伸、提供独特网络服务），可知它们在危机中存活了下来。
- [B]“形成、产生”、[C]“在风暴中挣扎”、[D]“被高科技浪潮主导” 均不符合语境，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节对比，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对两类网站核心差异的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到第一类网站是 “沃尔玛等实体店的线上延伸”，本质是销售商品；第二类网站 “提供互联网特性支撑的独特服务”（如招聘网站、易贝拍卖网），核心是提供服务。
- [B]“第一类网站拓展传统品类之外的商品” 未提及；[C]“第二类网站崛起而第一类衰退” 与原文 “两类网站均抵御危机” 矛盾；[D]“第二类网站为拍卖经验者提供非传统工作” 仅为个别例子，非核心差异，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦英文复合句翻译，核心考查 “fulfilling marriage”“priority”“independent ego” 等表达，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“fulfilling marriage” 译为 “美满的婚姻”，“make time together their No. 1 priority” 译为 “将共处时光列为首要任务”，“rests on” 译为 “基于、建立在…… 之上”，“independent ego” 译为 “独立自我”；
- 句式调整：将 “when” 引导的时间状语从句译为 “始于……”，使中文表达更流畅；拆分 “if” 引导的条件状语从句，保持语义连贯；
- 语义完整：准确传达 “美满婚姻需以共处为核心，而当下心理学侧重独立自我” 的核心含义。
参考译文：一段美满的婚姻始于两个人将共处时光列为首要任务。如果我们希望找到爱，就必须先为爱腾出时间。不幸的是，当下的心理学建立在 “独立自我” 的模型之上。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉语并列句式翻译，核心考查 “为了……”“乐于……”“接受…… 可能性” 等表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心表达：“为了成长，为了游历新的道路” 译为 “To grow and explore new paths”，用不定式表目的；“乐于去冒险” 译为 “be willing to take risks”，“面对未知” 译为 “face the unknown”，“接受最初会‘失败’的可能性” 译为 “accept the possibility of initial ‘failure’”；
- 句式调整：将汉语三个并列的 “去……” 结构译为英文并列不定式，保持句式工整；“最初会‘失败’” 译为 “initial ‘failure’”，简洁准确；
- 语义精准：完整传达 “成长需勇于冒险、直面未知、接纳失败” 的核心含义。
参考译文：To grow and explore new paths, people need to be willing to take risks, face the unknown, and accept the possibility of initial "failure".
- 考点定位：本题聚焦观点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “未来所需思维” 的提炼、阐释与培养路径分析，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Minds for the Future
Winston Churchill’s statement “The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind” highlights that mental capacity is the core competitiveness in the future. To thrive in the 21st century, people need three key minds: innovative mind, collaborative mind, and adaptive mind.
Firstly, the innovative mind is crucial for breaking boundaries. In an era of rapid technological change, only those who can think creatively can develop new solutions to complex problems, such as environmental pollution and technological bottlenecks. Secondly, the collaborative mind enables synergy. Globalization has made teamwork across regions and fields inevitable; people with this mind can integrate diverse perspectives and achieve more than individuals working alone. Thirdly, the adaptive mind helps cope with uncertainty. From economic fluctuations to technological disruptions, the ability to adjust to new situations ensures long-term success.
To cultivate these minds, individuals can take practical steps. For innovation, engage in cross-disciplinary learning and embrace curiosity to challenge conventional thinking. For collaboration, participate in team projects and learn to communicate and compromise. For adaptability, step out of comfort zones by trying new tasks and reflecting on failures. Additionally, education systems should emphasize critical thinking and hands-on experience rather than rote learning.
In conclusion, the future belongs to those with sharp minds. By nurturing innovation, collaboration, and adaptability, we can meet future challenges and build a better world.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出核心思维 — 分点阐释 — 给出培养路径 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰；
- 内容：覆盖题目要求的 “列举思维、阐释含义、培养方法”，论据贴合现实，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “core competitiveness, break boundaries, technological bottlenecks, synergy, rote learning” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为昆明理工大学 2018 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的夯实、阅读理解的细节定位与逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的结构优化与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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