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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目,聚焦词汇语法、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力,对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为兰州大学 2007 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解,供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析,可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购,助力系统备考。
- An important function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcasses.
A. destroy B. identify C. remove D. compare
- Not until the eighteenth century ______ the complex chemistry of metallurgy.
A. when scientists began to appreciate
B. did scientists begin to appreciate
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate
D. the appreciation of scientists began
(1) Dr. Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time.
(6) 这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团采取军事建制,战士却不穿军装,从事生产建设。
Directions: Write a composition titled "THE EXAMINATION CHEATING" in 200-250 words based on the outline: 1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges. 2. Causes of examination cheating. 3. My comments.
- 考点定位:本题聚焦动词词义替换,是词汇部分的高频考点,考查对 “提取、获取” 语义的精准把握。
- 答案详解:
原文中 “extract” 意为 “从…… 中提取、获取”,此处指用石器从大型动物尸体中获取高营养食物。
选项分析:
- [A] destroy:意为 “破坏、摧毁”,语义相反;
- [B] identify:意为 “识别、确认”,无 “提取” 含义;
- [C] remove:意为 “取出、移除”,与 “extract” 在语境中语义一致,契合 “从尸体中获取食物” 的逻辑;
- [D] compare:意为 “比较”,语义无关,故选 [C]。
- 考点定位:本题聚焦倒装句语法,是语法部分的核心考点,考查 “Not until” 引导时间状语从句时的倒装规则。
- 答案详解:
“Not until” 位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装,即助动词 / 情态动词提前,谓语动词用原形。
选项分析:
- [A] 缺少主句谓语动词,结构不完整;
- [C] 为定语从句结构,无主句核心谓语,语法错误;
- [D] 未使用倒装结构,不符合语法规则;
- [B] 助动词 “did” 提前,主句用 “begin to appreciate”,符合部分倒装规则,故选 [B]。
- 考点定位:本题聚焦英文复合句翻译,核心考查专有名词、现在分词作状语及定语从句的处理,是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解:
翻译要点:
- 专有名词:“Bell Telephone Laboratories” 译为 “贝尔电话实验室”,“Hex” 译为 “六边形棋”(一种经典博弈游戏),“analog computer” 译为 “模拟计算机”,“electrical voltages” 译为 “电压”;
- 句式拆分:将 “using an analog computer...” 现在分词短语译为独立分句 “这台机器基于电压工作的模拟计算机构建”,使中文表达流畅;
- 语义完整:准确传达 “香农博士及其同事发明六边形棋博弈机器,且机器胜率达 70%” 的核心含义。
参考译文:贝尔电话实验室的克劳德・香农博士和他的同事 E. F. 摩尔曾发明过一台下 “六边形棋” 的机器,这台机器基于电压工作的模拟计算机构建。它在约 70% 的对局中击败了发明者们。
- 考点定位:本题聚焦汉语短句翻译,核心考查 “独一无二”“军事建制”“从事生产建设” 等表达,是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解:
翻译要点:
- 核心表达:“独一无二的” 译为 “unique”,“军事建制” 译为 “military organizational structure”,“采取” 译为 “adopts”,“不穿军装” 译为 “do not wear military uniforms”,“从事生产建设” 译为 “engage in production and construction”;
- 句式调整:将汉语三个短句整合为英文复合句,用 “while” 表转折关系(“采取军事建制却不穿军装”),逻辑更清晰;
- 语义精准:完整传达兵团的独特性 —— 建制为军事性质,但核心任务是生产建设。
参考译文:This is a unique corps in the world. While it adopts a military organizational structure, its soldiers do not wear military uniforms and engage in production and construction.
- 考点定位:本题聚焦社会问题类议论文写作,核心考查对 “考试作弊” 问题的现象描述、原因分析与观点表达能力,是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解:
参考范文:
THE EXAMINATION CHEATING
Examination cheating has become a prevalent problem in schools and colleges, undermining the fairness of education and the value of learning. From copying from textbooks during quizzes to using high-tech devices in important exams, cheating behaviors vary in form and seriousness, affecting both academic integrity and students' personal development.
Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. Firstly, the excessive emphasis on exam scores in education evaluation leads some students to pursue high marks at all costs. Secondly, some students lack self-discipline and a sense of integrity, viewing cheating as an easy way to pass exams without hard work. Additionally, inadequate supervision during exams provides opportunities for cheating, as some invigilators fail to fulfill their duties strictly.
In my opinion, addressing examination cheating requires joint efforts. Schools should reform the evaluation system, focusing more on students' learning process rather than just scores. Meanwhile, strengthening integrity education can help students establish correct values and realize the harm of cheating. Furthermore, stricter supervision measures, such as using anti-cheating devices and increasing invigilators, are necessary to deter cheating behaviors. Only by combining these measures can we curb cheating and maintain the fairness and seriousness of examinations.
范文解析:
- 结构:遵循 “描述现象 — 分析原因 — 提出观点” 的逻辑,严格贴合大纲要求,层次清晰;
- 内容:现象描述具体,原因分析全面(评价体系、个人素养、监管不足),建议可行,符合 200-250 词要求;
- 语言:使用 “prevalent, undermine, integrity, pursue at all costs, deter, curb” 等学术词汇,句式多样(定语从句、状语从句),表达规范流畅。
以上仅为兰州大学 2007 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解,可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇积累、语法夯实、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的逻辑构建与内容充实,建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力,高效备战考试。
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