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The Pacific Northwest coast of North America is temperate rain forest, where trees like the red cedar grow straight trunks more than two meters thick at the base and sixty meters high. Western red cedar is often called the canoe cedar because it supplied the native people of the region with the raw material for their seagoing dugout canoes. These extraordinary crafts, as much as twenty meters in length, were fashioned from a single tree trunk and carried as many as forty people on fishing and whaling expeditions into the open ocean.
The Haida people from the Queen Charlotts Islands off British Columbia were noted for their skill in canoe building. After felling a giant tree with controlled burning, the canoe makers split the log into lengthwise sections with stone wedges. They burned away some of the heartwood, leaving a rough but strong cedar shell. They then carved away wood from the inside, keeping the sections below the waterline thickest and heaviest to help keep the canoe upright in stormy seas. To further enhance the canoe's stability, they filled the hull with water and heated it to boiling by dropping in hot stones. This rendered the wood temporarily flexible, so the sides of the hull could be forced apart and held with sturdy wooden thwarts, which served as both cross braces and seats. The canoes were often painted with elaborate designs of cultural significance to the tribe.
Why did the canoe makers keep the sections of the canoe below the waterline thickest and heaviest?
A. To prevent the canoe from overturning in rough water.
B. To shorten the work of carving wood from the inside.
C. To avoid having to paint the bottom of the canoe.
D. To make the canoe strong enough to hold forty people.
答案：A
- 考点：细节事实题
- 解析：定位第二段第四句 “they carved away wood from the inside, keeping the sections below the waterline thickest and heaviest to help keep the canoe upright in stormy seas”，明确提到 “保持水下部分厚重是为了让独木舟在暴风雨中保持直立”，与选项 A “防止在波涛汹涌的水中翻船” 完全对应。
- 其他选项分析：B 项 “减少内部雕刻工作量”、C 项 “避免给船底涂色” 均为无中生有；D 项 “让独木舟能容纳 40 人”，原文虽提到独木舟可载 40 人，但并未说明这是水下部分厚重的原因，属于偷换逻辑。
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph two?
A. Carving changed the texture and strength of the wood.
B. It took the canoe makers several months to build a canoe.
C. The wood was beaten with stone tools to make it flexible.
D. Canoes were important cultural artifact of the Haida.
答案：D
- 考点：推理判断题
- 解析：定位第二段最后一句 “The canoes were often painted with elaborate designs of cultural significance to the tribe”，可知独木舟上会绘制对部落有文化意义的精美图案，由此可推断出 “独木舟是海达族重要的文化工艺品”，对应选项 D。
- 其他选项分析：A 项 “雕刻改变木材质地和强度”，原文未提及雕刻对木材属性的改变；B 项 “造一艘独木舟需数月”，文中无时间相关描述；C 项 “用石器击打木材使其柔韧”，原文提到 “加热水使木材变软”，并非击打，属于偷换概念。
Nothing in the history of modern astronomy has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, and their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.
A black hole is very simple in structure: it has a surface—the event horizon—and a center—the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collapse of a large star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon—an artificial boundary in space that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once within the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.
The word "fodder" in paragraph one is closest in meaning to
A. material
B. stories
C. support
D. problems
答案：A
- 考点：词汇题
- 解析：定位第一段第二句 “Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists”，结合语境，黑洞为科幻作家提供 “想象素材”，为天体物理学家提供 “理论素材”，因此 “fodder” 此处意为 “材料、素材”，与选项 A 一致。
- 其他选项分析：B 项 “故事” 仅对应科幻作家的需求，无法涵盖天体物理学家的 “理论” 需求；C 项 “支持”、D 项 “问题” 均与 “提供灵感 / 素材” 的语境不符。
The opposing force between the molecular particles inside a star is called
A. general relativity
B. the exclusion principle
C. infinite density
D. The singularity
答案：B
- 考点：细节事实题
- 解析：定位第三段第一句 “the exclusion principle—the resistance between the molecular particles within the star as they are compressed—will not be strong enough to offset the gravity”，明确提到 “星体内部分子间的抵抗力被称为‘泡利不相容原理（exclusion principle）’”，直接对应选项 B。
- 其他选项分析：A 项 “广义相对论” 是黑洞的理论基础，并非分子间作用力；C 项 “无限密度”、D 项 “奇点” 均是黑洞形成后的特征，与题干 “分子间相反作用力” 无关。
The English, in fact, are strongly gifted with the rural feeling. They possess a quick sensibility to the beauties of nature, and a keen relish for the pleasures and employments of the country. This passion seems inherent in them. Even the inhabitants of cities, born and brought up among brick walls and bustling streets, enter with facility into rural habits, and evince a tact for rural occupation. The merchant has his snug retreat in the vicinity of metropolis, where he often displays as much pride and zeal in the cultivation of his flower garden, and the maturing of his fruits, as he does in the conduct of his business, and the success of a commercial enterprise.
事实上，英国人天生对乡村怀有深厚的情感。他们对自然之美有着敏锐的感知力，对乡村的乐趣与劳作也抱有强烈的喜爱。这种热爱仿佛是与生俱来的。即便是在砖墙林立、熙熙攘攘的街道中出生长大的城市居民，也能轻松适应乡村的生活习惯，并且在农活方面展现出十足的悟性。商人会在大都市近郊拥有一处舒适的静养之所，在那里，他们培育花园、栽种果树时所流露的自豪与热忱，丝毫不亚于经营生意、追求商业成功时的投入。
- 考点：语义准确传达、句式优化、文化适配
- 解析：
- “rural feeling” 译为 “对乡村的情感” 而非字面的 “乡村感觉”，贴合语境；“keen relish” 译为 “强烈的喜爱”，体现情感强度。
- “enter with facility into rural habits” 译为 “轻松适应乡村的生活习惯”，“evince a tact for” 译为 “展现出十足的悟性”，避免直译的生硬感。
- 最后一句采用并列结构 “所流露的自豪与热忱，丝毫不亚于……”，还原原文对比逻辑，同时符合中文表达习惯；“snug retreat” 译为 “舒适的静养之所”，兼顾 “惬意” 与 “休憩” 的含义。
硅谷犹如一块磁铁，把许多天资聪明的工程师、科学家、企业家从世界各地聚集到这里投身于技术革命的大潮。其影响于人类必将远远超过具有划时代意义的欧洲文化复兴和工业革命。
Silicon Valley is like a magnet that attracts numerous talented engineers, scientists, and entrepreneurs from all over the world to participate enthusiastically in the tide of technological revolution. Its impact on humanity will surely far surpass that of the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution.
- 考点：句式结构、固定搭配、语义强调
- 解析：
- 采用 “that” 引导定语从句修饰 “magnet”，使句式紧凑；“天资聪明” 译为 “talented”，简洁准确，避免冗余。
- “投身于” 译为 “participate enthusiastically in”，既体现主动性，又符合英文搭配；“技术革命的大潮” 译为 “the tide of technological revolution”，形象且贴合语境。
- “具有划时代意义的” 译为 “epoch-making”，精准对应 “开辟新时代” 的含义；用 “that” 指代前文 “impact”，避免重复，使句子逻辑清晰。
Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in about 250 words.（原文围绕 “按需经济” 展开，核心内容见前文）
Inspired by Henry Ford’s mass production model, a booming on-demand economy has emerged, connecting computer technology with freelance workers to provide once-luxury services for the public. Though still small, this economy is growing rapidly, with representative companies like Uber achieving remarkable development.
Two key forces drive its expansion: advanced technology, which enables the division of complex tasks and the use of under-utilized resources, and changing social habits, as people with money but no time trade with those with time but no money. Unlike traditional firms, on-demand companies act as middlemen, focusing on connecting users and ensuring quality rather than owning fixed resources, shifting risks from companies to individuals.
The on-demand economy has sparked political debates. Techno-optimists view its challenges as growing pains, emphasizing its role in optimizing resource allocation. However, the reality is more complex: consumers, flexible workers, and taxpayers benefit, while those valuing job security feel threatened. To adapt, governments need to adjust employment measurement and tax policies, and individuals must master multiple skills and learn to manage their careers independently.
- 考点：摘要写作（概括核心信息、逻辑连贯、字数控制）
- 解析：
- 开篇点明 “按需经济的起源、本质及发展态势”，提炼原文核心背景。
- 中间段分点阐述 “驱动因素” 和 “运营模式”，准确概括原文技术、社会习惯两大驱动力，以及 “中间商” 的核心特征。
- 结尾总结 “争议与影响”，平衡不同群体的利益诉求，并提及政策和个人层面的应对方向，完整覆盖原文核心观点。
- 全文逻辑清晰，字数控制在 250 词左右，无冗余信息，符合摘要写作要求。
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