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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，西北农林科技大学 2015 年考博英语涵盖听力理解、阅读理解、翻译、摘要写作四大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与主题归纳能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.
Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, said he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. It’s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at Texas A&M---to save animals from extinction.”
Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
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The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to ________.
A. salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandas
B. implant embryo into a host animal
C. introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit
D. save endangered animals from extinction
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What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?
A. Lack of host animals.
B. Lack of available panda eggs.
C. Lack of funds.
D. Lack of qualified researchers.
在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。在学习的初级阶段，学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学。语言是阅读和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表达自己；没有很好地掌握一门外语，你就会发现很难吸收外国的新知识。
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and write a summary of it in English in about 150 words.（原文围绕 “工具的演变” 展开，核心内容见真题原文）
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “诺亚方舟计划” 核心目标的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future”，核心目标是拯救濒危动物免于灭绝，故选 [D]。
[A]“致敬中国拯救大熊猫的努力” 是 Kraemer 的态度，非项目目标；[B]“将胚胎植入代孕动物” 是中国克隆大熊猫的步骤；[C]“将死亡雌性大熊猫的细胞注入日本白兔的卵细胞” 是中国克隆大熊猫的具体操作，均非诺亚方舟计划的目标，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对克隆大熊猫核心障碍的精准查找。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem”，即 “可用的大熊猫卵细胞短缺是主要问题”，故选 [B]。
[A]“缺乏代孕动物”、[C]“缺乏资金”、[D]“缺乏合格研究人员” 均未在原文提及，故排除。
Laying a solid foundation in knowledge will benefit you for a lifetime. In the initial stage of learning, the most important subjects in school are language and mathematics. Language is a tool for reading and communication. If your Chinese is not good, you cannot express yourself well; if you have not mastered a foreign language proficiently, you will find it difficult to absorb new knowledge from foreign countries.
- 考点定位：本题考查教育类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“打下坚实的基础” 译为 “laying a solid foundation”（标准表达），“初级阶段” 译为 “initial stage”，“吸收新知识” 译为 “absorb new knowledge”，符合学术与日常表达规范。
- 句式优化：将中文多个短句拆分为英文连贯分句，用 “If” 引导条件状语从句，衔接 “语言能力” 与 “表达 / 吸收知识” 的逻辑关系，避免句式冗长；“中文不好” 译为 “your Chinese is not good”，“没有很好地掌握” 译为 “have not mastered...proficiently”，语义精准且符合英文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “基础的重要性、核心学科、语言的工具性” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题考查学术文本摘要写作，核心考查对 “工具演变” 核心信息的归纳提炼能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点，需涵盖 “起源、发展、分类、核心特征” 等关键维度。
- 答案详解：
Tools are implements used to shape materials, with the earliest ones dating back about 2.6 million years ago, evolved from sharpened stones. Initially multipurpose, tools became more specialized after the development of agriculture and animal domestication around 10,000 years ago, with typical ones like axes and saws established over 4,000 years ago. Most tools feature a cutting edge, and hafting (fitting a handle) greatly enhanced their effectiveness. Tools are categorized into hand tools (used manually or motor-powered) and machine tools (stationary, for strong materials and precision processing). Humans have used stone, bronze, and iron as main materials for tools over time. While multipurpose tools existed early, specialized tools perform specific tasks better, and the key focus of tool development has been improving cutting edges.
- 摘要解析：
- 核心维度：涵盖工具的定义与起源、发展阶段（从多功能到专业化）、核心特征（切割边缘、手柄安装）、分类（手工工具与机床工具）、材料演变及功能差异，全面覆盖原文核心信息；
- 篇幅控制：约 148 词，符合 150 词左右的要求；
- 语言：使用 “evolved from, specialized, categorized into, enhance effectiveness” 等精准词汇，句式简洁连贯，符合摘要写作的客观、凝练要求。
以上仅为西北农林科技大学 2015 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节提取、翻译的句式优化及摘要写作的核心信息归纳，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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