—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，云南大学 2018 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、完形填空、词汇、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、跨文化翻译与逻辑思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.
Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
-
The author believes that the housing sector
A. has attracted much attention
B. involves certain political factors
C. shoulders too much responsibility
D. has lost its real value in economy
-
According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may
A. allow greater government debt for housing
B. stop local authorities from building homes
C. prepare to reduce housing stock debt
D. release a lifted GDP growth forecast
-
I'd _his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.
A. take into account B. account for C. make up for D. make out
-
He was _when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.
A. incredible B. inevitable C. incredulous D. indifferent
As many people hit middle age, they may start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments". While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on our professional, social and personal life.
Directions: Choose one of the two topics to develop an essay of about 300 words.
- Write a piece of Argumentation with the topic "Exam". Your essay should meet the following requirements:
- Show your view with a thesis statement;
- Support your view with no fewer than 2 concrete details;
- And conclude your essay with an echo to the introduction.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节理解，核心聚焦对住房领域未受关注原因的精准提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：原文明确指出 “最关键的原因是住房问题一直带有浓厚的政治色彩”，即住房领域涉及政治因素，故选 [B]。
[A]“吸引了大量关注” 与原文 “住房很少被提及” 相悖；[C]“承担了过多责任” 是原文 “住房领域需承担部分责任” 的过度解读；[D]“失去了经济价值” 与原文 “未有效传达住房对经济增长的实际价值” 不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，核心聚焦对政府官员政策倾向的理解，是阅读理解部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：原文提到 George Osborne 可能 “放宽地方政府住房存量债务的借款上限”，即允许政府在住房领域承担更多债务，故选 [A]。
[B]“阻止地方政府建房” 与原文 “放宽上限可多建 6 万套住房” 矛盾；[C]“准备减少住房存量债务” 与 “放宽借款上限” 不符；[D]“发布上调的 GDP 增长预测” 是政策可能带来的结果，并非 George Osborne 的行为，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词短语辨析，核心聚焦语境逻辑与金融场景词汇应用，是词汇部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. take into account（考虑）；B. account for（解释）；C. make up for（弥补）；D. make out（辨认）。语境为 “考虑他的声誉后再决定是否批贷款”，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，核心聚焦语义逻辑与情感类词汇应用，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. incredible（难以置信的，修饰事物）；B. inevitable（不可避免的）；C. incredulous（怀疑的，修饰人）；D. indifferent（冷漠的）。语境为 “他听到消息时很怀疑，后被说服”，故选 [C]。
许多人步入中年后，可能会开始注意到自己的记忆力和思维清晰度大不如前。我们会突然想不起刚才把钥匙放在哪儿了，想不起某个老熟人的名字，或是曾经喜爱的老乐队的名字。随着大脑机能衰退，我们把这类情况称为 “老年时刻”。尽管这些状况看似无伤大雅，但这种思维专注力的丧失，可能会对我们的职业、社交和个人生活造成破坏性影响。
- 考点定位：本题考查生活类文本英译汉，核心聚焦句式拆分、术语通俗化及逻辑连贯，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语处理：“mental clarity” 译为 “思维清晰度”，“senior moments” 译为 “老年时刻”，贴合中文日常表达；
- 句式优化：拆分原文长句为短句，将 “can't remember” 后的多个宾语分述，符合中文表达习惯；
- 语义完整：完整保留 “中年认知变化、具体表现、影响” 的核心信息，情感语气与原文一致。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦教育类议论文写作，核心考查对 “考试” 的观点论证与逻辑构建能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
The Double-Edged Sword of Exams
Exams, as a core evaluation tool in education, are a double-edged sword: they can effectively assess learning outcomes while potentially stifling students’ creativity if over-relied on. This duality requires a balanced approach to exam design and application.
On one hand, exams serve as a fair and standardized way to measure academic progress. For example, college entrance exams in China provide a unified benchmark for selecting qualified candidates, ensuring that students from different backgrounds have equal opportunities to access higher education. Additionally, exams motivate students to review knowledge systematically—preparing for a final exam pushes learners to organize scattered concepts into a coherent framework, deepening their understanding.
On the other hand, excessive emphasis on exams can have negative consequences. Many high school students focus solely on memorizing exam-oriented content, ignoring hands-on experiments or creative thinking tasks. A survey shows that 60% of middle schoolers report losing interest in science after repeated “formula-based” exams, as they rarely get to explore the practical side of the subject.
In conclusion, exams are not inherently good or bad; their value depends on how we use them. By combining standardized exams with project-based assessments and creative tasks, we can leverage the benefits of exams while mitigating their drawbacks, fostering both academic competence and innovative thinking in students.
- 结构：遵循 “提出论点（考试是双刃剑）— 分述利弊（公平性 + 激励性；抑制创造力）— 总结平衡策略” 的逻辑，层次清晰；
- 内容：结合 “高考公平性”“中学生科学学习兴趣” 两个具体案例，论据充分，符合 300 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “double-edged sword, standardized, coherent framework, mitigate drawbacks” 等精准词汇，句式多样，贴合学术写作风格。
以上仅为云南大学 2018 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重细节理解、词汇辨析、翻译流畅度及写作逻辑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
云南大学考博真题是云南大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考云南大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。云南大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
