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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为 2013 年中央党校考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- Reaching a deal on tax reform would be a huge undertaking, ______ with potential political pitfalls that could doom it.
A. trite B. rife C. reveling D. trifling
- Much as officials still say that China cannot carry the burden of international governance, they are ______ the idea that it should sign up as a stakeholder in a set of rules made in Washington.
A. dismissive of B. disincentive to C. disturbing D. dissipating
Why pick up what literary history so resolutely discards? Any study of bestsellers confronts the same question as does the decaf, no-fat latte drinker in Starbucks: 'Why bother?' One justification, and the easiest demonstrated, is their interesting peculiarity. Like other ephemera of past times, bestsellers offer the charm of antiquarian quaintness. And, so short is their lifespan, that today's bestsellers become yesterday's fiction almost as soon as one has read them.
Looking back through the lists is to uncover delightful cultural oddities. Consider, for example, the top-selling novel of 1923 in the United States, Black Oxen, by Gertrude Atherton. Recall too that the discriminating reader of that year had James Joyce's Ulysses and T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land.
The allusion of Atherton's title signals grand literary pretension; pretension absurdly unmerited. None the less, the novel's theme was, for the time, both topical and sensational - rejuvenation. For humans, that is, not cattle.
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Why does the author mention Ulysses and The Waste Land in paragraph 2?
A. They were bestsellers just second to Black Oxen in 1923.
B. They were more popular than Black Oxen in 1923.
C. As contemporary novels of Black Oxen, they were not popular in 1923.
D. As bestsellers of 1923, they were not as popular as Black Oxen.
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According to the passage, all of the following are true about Black Oxen EXCEPT
A. Though the writer of Black Oxen did get a treatment for keeping young, but it looked unsuccessful.
B. Black Oxen implied that the X-ray technique was welcomed by women who were in menopause.
C. Black Oxen was very popular in 1923 when people believed in pseudo science about a renewal of youthfulness.
D. Count Zattiany appeared in Black Oxen as a minor character.
Directions: Put the underlined sentence into Chinese, and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
The first is to suggest that cosmopolitan cultures are the depthless commercial pleasures of the increasingly placeless capitalist elite. In this view, cosmopolitan culture is aligned with a postmodern culture that involves the visual and sensual pleasures of global cities, Hollywood cinema, Madonna CDs and Australian wine.
Directions: Write a composition of 200 words in about 40 minutes on the following topic. Your writing should be based on the outline given below:
How to Reduce Corruption in Civil Government?
(1) List some signs of government corruption;
(2) State the seriousness of the phenomenon;
(3) The measures (steps) taken to combat them.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “充满风险” 语境的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “税收改革协议是艰巨任务，充满可能导致其失败的政治陷阱”，需选择 “充满的” 含义的词汇。
选项分析：
- [A] trite：意为 “陈腐的”，侧重内容无新意；
- [B] rife：意为 “普遍的、充满的”，搭配 “rife with” 表示 “充满……”，契合 “充满政治陷阱” 的语义；
- [C] reveling：为动词 “revel” 的现在分词，意为 “狂欢、沉迷”，词性不符；
- [D] trifling：意为 “微不足道的”，与 “huge undertaking” 逻辑矛盾，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦固定搭配与词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，考查对 “官员对某观点态度” 的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “尽管官员称中国无法承担国际治理责任，但他们对‘加入华盛顿制定的规则体系’这一观点持否定态度”，需选择 “否定的、不屑的” 含义的短语。
选项分析：
- [A] dismissive of：固定搭配，意为 “对…… 不屑一顾、否定”，符合语境；
- [B] disincentive to：意为 “对…… 的抑制因素”，词性为名词短语，此处需形容词性短语；
- [C] disturbing：意为 “令人不安的”，语义不符；
- [D] dissipating：意为 “消散的、消失的”，与 “idea” 搭配不当，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦写作手法，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对作者提及某作品意图的把握。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 1923 年最畅销小说是《Black Oxen》，同时提及 “有鉴赏力的读者当年关注的是《尤利西斯》和《荒原》”，暗示后两部作品虽具文学价值，但并非当年畅销书，即不流行。
- [A]“仅次于《Black Oxen》”、[B]“比《Black Oxen》更受欢迎”、[D]“作为 1923 年畅销书不如《Black Oxen》受欢迎” 均与原文 “《Black Oxen》是当年最畅销小说” 矛盾，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节判断，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对原文信息的精准核对。
- 答案详解：
原文仅提到小说主题是 “返老还童”，涉及 X 射线技术，但未提及 “该技术受更年期女性欢迎”，[B] 属于无中生有。
- [A]“作者接受返老还童治疗但未成功” 对应原文 “1922 年作者接受治疗，从宣传照看对美貌无多大帮助”；[C]“1923 年人们相信伪科学，小说因此畅销” 对应原文 “小说契合当时时代背景，仅在该时期受欢迎”；[D]“Count Zattiany 是次要角色” 对应原文 “Mary Ogden 嫁给匈牙利外交官 Count Zattiany”，均符合原文，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查 “depthless”“aligned with”“postmodern culture” 等短语，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“cosmopolitan cultures” 译为 “世界主义文化”，“depthless commercial pleasures” 译为 “肤浅的商业娱乐”，“placeless capitalist elite” 译为 “无地域归属感的资本主义精英阶层”；
- 定语从句：“that involves...” 译为 “这种文化包含……”，拆分复合句，使中文表达流畅；
- 语义完整：准确传达 “世界主义文化是精英阶层的肤浅商业娱乐，与后现代文化契合” 的核心含义。
参考译文：第一种观点认为，世界主义文化是无地域归属感的资本主义精英阶层所追求的肤浅商业娱乐。在这种观点看来，世界主义文化与后现代文化一脉相承，后者包含全球城市、好莱坞电影、麦当娜的唱片以及澳大利亚葡萄酒所带来的视觉与感官享受。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦问题解决型议论文写作，核心考查对 “政府腐败” 问题的分析与论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
How to Reduce Corruption in Civil Government?
Government corruption manifests in various forms, such as bribery, abuse of power for personal gain, and embezzlement of public funds. Some officials accept bribes to grant improper favors, while others waste public resources for private interests, which seriously damages social fairness.
The seriousness of government corruption cannot be overstated. It erodes public trust in the government, undermines social stability, and hinders economic development. Corruption diverts public funds from education, healthcare, and infrastructure, affecting people's well-being and social progress. If left unchecked, it will threaten the legitimacy of the government and social harmony.
To combat corruption, multiple measures should be taken. Firstly, strengthen legal supervision and impose severe penalties on corrupt officials to increase the cost of corruption. Secondly, promote transparency in government work, such as publicizing government budgets and decision-making processes, to prevent power abuse. Thirdly, enhance the moral education of civil servants to foster a sense of integrity. Finally, encourage public supervision through media and public reporting channels to form a social atmosphere against corruption.
Only through joint efforts of the government, society, and individuals can we effectively reduce corruption and build a clean and efficient civil government.
范文解析：
- 结构：严格遵循 “列举腐败现象 — 阐述严重性 — 提出解决措施” 的 outline 要求，逻辑清晰，层次分明；
- 内容：论据具体，涵盖腐败的典型形式、危害及多维度解决措施，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “manifest, erodes, undermines, foster, integrity” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、条件状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为 2013 年中央党校考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的夯实、阅读理解的细节定位与逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的结构优化与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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