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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中央财经大学 2009 年考博英语涵盖词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译、写作五大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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The northern part of the country experienced a very cold ______ in the winter of 1993.
A. term B. spell C. era D. age
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After you plant your seeds, don't forget to water them every day or you won't see any ______.
A. seedlings B. blooms C. buds D. sprouts
The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problem of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish-protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates, have since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible, but they proved to be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers. Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheat-rye hybrid triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.
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Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A. A suggestion is made and arguments in its favor are provided.
B. A criticism is levied and an alternative proposal is suggested.
C. A generalization is advanced and supporting evidence is provided.
D. An example is analyzed and general conclusions are derived from it.
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It can be inferred from the passage that the author was unable to assess the truth of which of the following statements about opaque-2 maize?
A. It is a more recent innovation than the use of fish-protein concentrate.
B. It can be stored as easily as other varieties of maize.
C. It is more popular than the wheat-rye hybrid triticale.
D. It is more susceptible to insects than are other varieties of maize.
当前，世界正处在大变革大调整之中，国际形势总体上保持稳定，但国际金融危机仍在快速扩散和蔓延，世界经济增长明显减速，国际热点问题此起彼伏，世界和平与发展面临各种严峻挑战。
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words based on the following outline.
- What are the reasons causing the closure/relocation of over 4,900 factories in Guangdong and the unemployment of a large number of migrant workers?
- Give your suggestions to the government trying to find solutions.
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，核心聚焦 “一段时期的天气” 的语义表达，是词汇部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. term（学期、术语）；B. spell（一段时期，尤指天气、疾病等持续的时段）；C. era（时代，指较长的历史时期）；D. age（年代，侧重历史发展阶段）。语境为 “1993 年冬天该国北部经历了一段极冷的时期”，“a cold spell” 为固定搭配，指 “一段寒冷天气”，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，核心聚焦 “种子种植后的生长阶段”，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. seedlings（幼苗，指刚发芽生长的植物）；B. blooms（花朵，指植物开花的状态）；C. buds（芽、花蕾，指未开放的花或叶芽）；D. sprouts（嫩芽，侧重种子刚发芽的幼芽）。语境为 “播种后浇水才能长出幼苗”，“seedlings” 更侧重播种后长成的幼株，符合种植逻辑，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查段落结构分析，核心聚焦 “段落组织方式”，是阅读理解的高频考点。
- 答案详解：第一段开篇提出总括性观点 ——“找到解决世界粮食短缺的长期技术方案似乎难以实现”，随后通过 “鱼蛋白浓缩物、石油基质培育的藻类蛋白” 等失败案例，以及 “opaque-2 玉米、南极磷虾” 等新兴方案的不确定性作为支撑证据，符合 “提出概括性观点 + 提供支持证据” 的结构，故选 [C]。
[A]“提出建议 + 论证支持”、[B]“提出批评 + 给出替代方案”、[D]“分析例子 + 得出结论” 均与段落逻辑不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查推理判断，核心聚焦 “作者未明确评估的信息”，是阅读理解的核心考点。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “opaque-2 玉米的蛋白质量更优，但如果不符合文化接受度或更易受昆虫侵害，对贫困家庭的益处有限”，明确提及 [A]（比鱼蛋白浓缩物更新兴）、[D]（比其他玉米品种更易受昆虫侵害）；同时提到 “triticale 是新兴方案”，可推断 [C]（比黑小麦杂交种更受欢迎）可通过 “seem more promising” 间接评估；而原文未涉及 “储存难易程度” 的相关信息，作者无法评估该表述的真实性，故选 [B]。
Currently, the world is undergoing profound changes and adjustments. The international situation remains generally stable, but the global financial crisis is still spreading rapidly. World economic growth has slowed down significantly, international hot issues have emerged one after another, and world peace and development are facing various severe challenges.
- 考点定位：本题考查时政类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“大变革大调整” 译为 “profound changes and adjustments”，“国际金融危机” 译为 “global financial crisis”，“国际热点问题” 译为 “international hot issues”，符合时政文本规范；
- 句式优化：拆分中文长句，用句号分隔 “总体稳定” 与 “危机蔓延” 等并列逻辑，用 “but” 明确转折关系，“one after another” 准确表达 “此起彼伏”，避免句式堆砌；
- 语义完整：完整保留 “世界局势 — 国际形势 — 经济状况 — 热点问题 — 和平发展挑战” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会经济类热点写作，核心考查对 “企业关停与农民工失业” 的原因分析与解决方案提出，是考博英语写作的常见考点。
- 答案详解：
Reasons for Factory Closures in Guangdong and Corresponding Government Suggestions
In recent years, the closure and relocation of over 4,900 factories in Guangdong and the resulting unemployment of a large number of migrant workers have attracted widespread social attention. This phenomenon is caused by multiple factors.
Firstly, the global economic downturn has led to a sharp decline in overseas demand for export-oriented products, which are the mainstay of many factories in Guangdong. Secondly, the rising costs of labor, land, and raw materials have eroded the profit margins of small and medium-sized enterprises, making it difficult for them to survive. Thirdly, the transformation and upgrading of China's industrial structure have forced low-value-added, high-pollution, and high-energy-consuming factories to close or relocate. Additionally, the impact of the financial crisis has further exacerbated the operational difficulties of these enterprises.
To address this issue, the government can take the following measures. Firstly, strengthen policy support for enterprises, such as providing tax reductions, subsidies, and low-interest loans to help them upgrade their technologies and transform their business models. Secondly, promote the development of emerging industries and service industries to create new employment opportunities for laid-off workers. Thirdly, improve the vocational training system to enhance the professional skills of migrant workers, enabling them to adapt to new job requirements. Fourthly, strengthen regional cooperation and guide some factories to relocate to central and western regions with lower costs, balancing regional development. Finally, improve the social security system, such as unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances, to ensure the basic living standards of unemployed migrant workers.
In conclusion, solving the problem of factory closures and migrant worker unemployment requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises, and society. Through policy guidance, industrial upgrading, and skill training, we can achieve sustainable economic development and stable employment.
- 结构：遵循 “分析原因 — 提出建议” 的逻辑，原因部分涵盖 “外部需求、成本压力、产业升级、金融危机”，建议部分对应 “政策支持、产业发展、技能培训、区域协调、社会保障”，层次清晰，符合 200 词要求；
- 内容：结合广东产业特点（出口导向型）与经济环境，原因分析贴合实际，建议具有针对性与可行性；
- 语言：使用 “profit margins, industrial structure transformation, vocational training, social security system” 等精准词汇，句式规范流畅。
以上仅为中央财经大学 2009 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语境搭配、阅读理解的结构分析、翻译的时政术语规范及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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