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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国地质大学（北京）2012 年考博英语涵盖听力理解、阅读理解、词汇语法填空、写作相关能力考查等模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与逻辑思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The woman, 69 years old and still active as a professor at Harvard University, told a research team that she had begun to find it hard to recall the names of ever faculty members. Not long ago she had forgotten her classroom number when asking for a slide projector to be sent up. She had one anxious question for the research team, assembled to study the normal course of mental aging: "Am I losing my ability to remember, and perhaps even to think clearly?"
That question is the principal focus of a new wave of scientific inquiry on the decline in mental ability with age. The findings are challenging some basic assumptions, like the belief that such decline is a natural part of the aging process, irrespective of general health.
From 20 to 30 percent of people in their 80s who volunteer for cognitive testing perform as well as volunteers in their 30s and 40s, who are presumably in their mental prime. The intellectual and creative productivity in later life of certain artists and intellectuals may represent not so much an exception as an ideal, some experts now say.
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The 69-year-old woman mentioned at the beginning of the passage is finding it increasingly ______.
A. difficult to remember who her colleagues are
B. difficult to recall some of her colleagues' faces
C. difficult to remember what some of her colleagues are called
D. easy to forget the name of her faculty
E. easy to forget what some of her younger colleagues do in the faculty
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Some artists and intellectuals remain productive to the very end of long lives. The writer of the passage states that some experts ______.
A. believe that such examples are more common than gerontologists formerly supposed
B. are certain that such late productivity is impossible for ordinary people in other walks of life
C. are almost certain that in the future such late productivity will become quite ordinary
D. suspect that it is wrong to regard such late productivity as abnormal rather than simply uncommon
E. reject the idea that such people can be taken as models for normal human beings
- Yesterday I gave my mother ______ orange sweater for ______ birthday.
- I was hungry, ______ I went into a restaurant and ordered ______ food. The waiter ______ a long time to bring me ______ I had ordered. When he finally brought it, he ______ for the delay.
结合 “衰老与智力变化” 相关研究主题，写一段约 150 词的短文，阐述你对 “如何在老年保持良好智力状态” 的看法，需结合文中提及的研究发现作为支撑。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节精准提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，聚焦对原文具体信息的同义转换。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “she had begun to find it hard to recall the names of ever faculty members”，即 “她开始发现很难回忆起曾经同事的名字”，“recall the names” 与 “remember what some of her colleagues are called” 为同义表达，且 “ever faculty members” 隐含 “部分同事” 的含义，故选 [C]。
[A]“难以记住同事是谁” 范围过宽，原文仅强调 “名字”；[B]“难以回忆同事的长相”、[D]“容易忘记学院名称”、[E]“容易忘记年轻同事的工作内容” 均未在原文提及，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对专家观点的准确解读。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “some experts now say” 后的观点 “The intellectual and creative productivity in later life of certain artists and intellectuals may represent not so much an exception as an ideal”，即 “某些艺术家和知识分子晚年的智力与创造性产出，与其说是例外，不如说是一种理想”，隐含 “这类人不能作为普通人的典范” 的逻辑，故选 [E]。
[A]“认为这类例子比老年学家之前认为的更普遍”、[B]“确信这类晚年产出对其他行业普通人不可能”、[C]“几乎确信未来这类晚年产出会很普遍”、[D]“怀疑将这类晚年产出视为不正常而非不常见是错误的” 均与原文观点不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查不定冠词用法与形容词性物主代词，是词汇语法部分的基础考点，聚焦语法规则与语义逻辑。
- 答案详解：第一空后 “orange sweater” 为单数可数名词，“orange” 以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词 “an”；第二空修饰 “birthday”，结合前文 “my mother”，需用形容词性物主代词 “her”，表示 “她的生日”，符合语义逻辑。
- 考点定位：本题考查连词、限定词、动词及宾语从句引导词，是词汇语法部分的核心考点，聚焦句子逻辑连贯与语法正确性。
- 答案详解：第一空前后为因果关系，“饿了所以去餐厅”，故用 “so”；第二空 “点一些食物” 用 “some” 修饰不可数名词 “food”；第三空 “花费时间” 主语为 “the waiter”，用动词 “spent”（过去式，呼应上下文时态）；第四空引导宾语从句，指代 “点的东西”，用 “what”；第五空 “为延迟道歉”，用 “apologized”（过去式），符合语境与语法要求。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类短文写作，核心考查对研究主题的理解与观点表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点，需结合原文研究发现，逻辑连贯地阐述观点。
- 答案详解：
How to Maintain Good Mental Function in Old Age
Based on relevant research on aging and mental ability, maintaining good mental function in old age is achievable with scientific methods. The findings show that mental decline is not an inevitable result of aging, as 20 to 30 percent of octogenarians perform as well as middle-aged people in cognitive tests.
Firstly, continuing mental engagement is crucial. Keeping keen interests after retirement, such as learning new skills or engaging in intellectual activities, can stimulate the brain. Secondly, a flexible attitude helps. People who adapt easily to changes and enjoy new experiences tend to have less mental decline. Additionally, a supportive social environment, especially having a high-functioning spouse, contributes to good mental health.
In conclusion, by staying mentally active, keeping an open mind and maintaining positive social connections, the elderly can effectively preserve their mental abilities and enjoy a high-quality later life.
- 结构：遵循 “引出研究结论 — 分述具体方法（精神投入、灵活态度、社交环境）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，贴合 150 词要求；
- 内容：结合原文 “80 岁人群认知测试表现”“灵活态度的作用” 等研究发现，论据扎实，贴合主题；
- 语言：使用 “cognitive tests, mental engagement, stimulate the brain, flexible attitude” 等精准词汇，句式多样（宾语从句、定语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国地质大学（北京）2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节提取、词汇语法的基础夯实及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
中国地质大学（北京）考博真题是中国地质大学（北京）申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考中国地质大学（北京）的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。中国地质大学（北京）考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
