—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国林业科学研究院 2017 年考博英语涵盖词汇、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作五大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
-
The table has a plastic coating which prevents liquids from _________ into the wood beneath.
A. pertaining B. permeating C. prevailing D. preparing
-
The secretary is very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour.
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, nor anxiety, nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.
Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work.
-
People might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion because that _________.
A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects
B. they would not know what was beneficial or harmful to them
C. they would not be happy in a life without love
D. they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings
-
It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _________.
A. the ability to make money
B. the will to work for pleasure
C. the capacity to enjoy incentives
D. the categorizations of our emotional experiences
本文探讨了研究生科技创新项目对研究生学术创新能力培养的作用以及项目实施过程中存在的问题。
Directions: Write an essay of at least 300 words on the topic "Effects from New Study Environment". Discuss the effects from aspects like psychological development, independency, family affection, study competence, etc., and show what a student can learn from higher education conditions.
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “液体与木材” 的语义搭配。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. pertaining（相关）；B. permeating（渗透）；C. prevailing（盛行）；D. preparing（准备）。语境为 “塑料涂层防止液体渗透到木材内部”，“permeate into” 为固定搭配，意为 “渗透到…… 中”，符合语义，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦对 “competent” 的同义替换。
- 答案详解：划线词 “competent” 意为 “胜任的、有能力的”。四个选项中 [A] careful（仔细的）、[B] industrious（勤奋的）、[C] clever（聪明的）、[D] capable（有能力的），仅 [D] 与划线词语义一致，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对 “无情感世界人类无法生存” 原因的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “人们可能无法生存：既不知道喜悦也不知道快乐，既没有焦虑也没有恐惧，他们可能重复伤害自己的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样”，即无法区分有益与有害的行为，故选 [B]。
[A]“无法分辨物体质地”、[C]“无爱的生活不快乐”、[D]“伤害彼此感情” 均未提及 “生存” 的核心逻辑，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对 “社会经济基础依赖因素” 的推导。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “社会经济基础会被摧毁：因为赚 1000 万美元和赚 10 美元一样不愉快，所以没有工作的动力”，而 “动力（incentive）” 的存在依赖人类感受快乐的能力，即 “享受动力的能力”，故选 [C]。
[A]“赚钱能力”、[B]“为快乐工作的意愿”、[D]“情感体验的分类” 均未触及 “动力与情感关联” 的核心，故排除。
This paper explores the role of graduate students' technological innovation projects in cultivating their academic innovation capabilities as well as the problems existing in the implementation process of these projects.
- 考点定位：本题考查学术类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“研究生科技创新项目” 译为 “graduate students' technological innovation projects”，“学术创新能力培养” 译为 “cultivating academic innovation capabilities”，“实施过程” 译为 “implementation process”，符合学术文本规范。
- 句式优化：将中文长句拆分为逻辑连贯的英文分句，用 “as well as” 连接 “作用” 与 “问题”，避免句式堆砌；“存在的问题” 译为 “problems existing in...”，用现在分词作后置定语，符合英文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “探讨核心作用 + 指出存在问题” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递学术论文的核心内容。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦教育成长类议论文写作，核心考查对 “新学习环境对学生影响” 的多维度分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Effects from New Study Environment
Entering higher education means stepping into a brand-new study environment, quite different from the familiar childhood campus. This transformation brings profound effects on students’ growth, shaping their psychological development, independency, family affection and study competence in distinctive ways, and enabling them to gain precious life lessons.
Psychologically, the new environment fosters emotional maturity. Unlike the sheltered childhood education, higher education requires students to face challenges independently, such as adapting to group living and dealing with interpersonal conflicts. These experiences help them develop resilience, learn to regulate emotions and view problems from multiple perspectives, laying a solid foundation for future social adaptation.
In terms of independency, the new environment is a catalyst for self-reliance. Students who once relied on parents for daily chores and decision-making now have to manage their study schedules, finances and daily life on their own. For example, they need to balance coursework and extracurricular activities, budget living expenses and solve practical problems like accommodation and transportation. This process cultivates their sense of responsibility and ability to make independent choices.
Regarding study competence, the new environment promotes academic progress. Higher education emphasizes independent research and critical thinking rather than passive knowledge acceptance. Students are encouraged to participate in seminars, conduct experiments and write research papers, which enhance their ability to explore knowledge independently and innovate. Meanwhile, interactions with outstanding teachers and peers broaden their academic horizons and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning.
Family affection also undergoes positive changes. Separated from family, students cherish the bond with parents more. Regular video calls and occasional home visits make communication more in-depth, transforming the previous trivial daily interactions into sincere care and understanding. This distance helps students appreciate the value of family and develop a sense of gratitude.
In conclusion, the new study environment in higher education is a crucial stage for students’ growth. It not only promotes their psychological maturity, independency, academic competence and family affection but also equips them with essential skills and qualities for life. By embracing this transformation, students can achieve comprehensive development and lay a solid foundation for their future careers and lives.
- 结构：遵循 “总述新环境的核心影响 — 分述心理、独立、学业、亲情四个维度 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 300 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “集体生活、时间管理、学术研究、异地亲情” 等具体场景，论据充分，贴合学生实际；
- 语言：使用 “emotional maturity, resilience, catalyst for self-reliance, critical thinking, comprehensive development” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国林业科学研究院 2017 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义搭配、阅读理解的细节推理、翻译的学术术语规范及写作的多维度论证，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
中国林业科学研究院考博真题是中国林业科学研究院申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考中国林业科学研究院的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。中国林业科学研究院考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
