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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为华北电力大学 2020 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration”. By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance, and future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.
Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.
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When did men begin to explore the Antarctic?
A. About 100 years ago.
B. In this century.
C. At the beginning of the 19th century.
D. In 1798.
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According to the passage, which of the following statements about the Antarctic continent is true?
A. Food supplies on the continent are scarce.
B. Men untrained for explorations into frozen areas cannot adapt to the extreme temperatures on the continent.
C. There are unknown germs and bacteria on the continent.
D. The continent annually has a dark winter as long as half a year.
节约能源是中国经济和社会实现可持续发展的重要前提条件，中国能源以煤为主，在一次能源消费中煤炭的比重为 70% 左右。电力工业是一次能源转换行业，将多种形式的一次能源转换成电能，并输送供电能终端用户使用。
Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensible to the brain as vitamin D is to the body, and deprived of it we suffer a mental affliction as disfiguring as rickets. The space and quiet that idleness provides is a necessary condition for standing back from life and seeing it whole, for making unexpected connections and waiting for the wild summer lightning strikes of inspiration—it is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done.
Directions: Write an essay with at least 250 English words on the given topic below. You should have your own point of view and it should be developed with sufficient supporting points.
Job hoppers are those who frequently change jobs. Job hopping can be extremely advantageous for certain types of people—in order to keep their skills fresh, technologists have to remain current in a highly competitive market. Amid a slowdown in the economic growth due to the outbreak of COVID-19, employers started to shun the job hoppers this year. A big percentage of employers will simply reject the candidate if they find traces indicating job hopping in the resumes. They wouldn't even give an interview. The employers hold that their employee should seek more stable development in several years. Only in this way can the employee improve adaptability, gain persistence and grasp basic skill sets required for the job.
In your writing you should:
- Summarize different viewpoints;
- Express your opinion towards job hopping, especially on whether job hopping would benefit your career development.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对时间信息的精准提取能力。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing”，“heroic age” 指代前文的 “Antarctic exploration”，即南极探索的英雄时代仅有一个多世纪的历史，由此可推断人类开始探索南极大约在 100 年前。
- [B]“在本世纪”、[C]“19 世纪初”、[D]“1798 年” 均与原文时间信息不符，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节判断，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对原文信息的准确核对能力。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months”，即南极大陆每年有六个月的极夜期，也就是长达半年的黑暗冬季，与选项 [D] 表述一致。
- [A]“大陆上食物供应稀缺” 与原文 “there exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies” 矛盾；[B]“未接受过冰封地区探索训练的人无法适应极端温度” 与原文 “some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably” 矛盾；[C]“大陆上存在未知的细菌和病菌” 与原文 “rendered it absolutely germfree” 矛盾，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦长句拆分与专业术语翻译，核心考查 “可持续发展”“一次能源”“电力工业” 等核心词汇，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心术语：“节约能源” 译为 “Energy conservation”，“可持续发展” 译为 “sustainable development”，“一次能源” 译为 “primary energy”，“电力工业” 译为 “power industry”，“终端用户” 译为 “end-users”；
- 句式拆分：将中文长句拆分为两个英文分句，第一句说明节约能源的重要性及中国能源结构，第二句解释电力工业的功能，符合英文表达习惯；
- 语义准确：“以煤为主” 译为 “is dominated by coal”，“比重为 70% 左右” 译为 “accounts for about 70%”，“转换行业” 译为 “conversion industry”。
参考译文：Energy conservation is an important prerequisite for the sustainable development of China's economy and society. China's energy is dominated by coal, which accounts for about 70% of primary energy consumption. The power industry is a primary energy conversion industry that converts various forms of primary energy into electrical energy and transmits it to end-users for consumption.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦比喻修辞与复杂句式翻译，核心考查 “indispensible”“mental affliction”“lightning strikes of inspiration” 等短语，是翻译部分的难点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 比喻修辞：“as indispensible to the brain as vitamin D is to the body” 译为 “对大脑而言，就如同维生素 D 对身体一样不可或缺”，保留原文比喻逻辑；“wild summer lightning strikes of inspiration” 译为 “灵感如夏日闪电般突然迸发”，贴合语境；
- 句式调整：拆分复合句，将 “it is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done” 译为 “然而矛盾的是，要完成任何工作，这种状态都是必不可少的”，使中文表达流畅；
- 词汇精准：“indulgence” 译为 “放纵”，“vice” 译为 “恶习”，“mental affliction” 译为 “精神困扰”，“rickets” 译为 “佝偻病”。
参考译文：无所事事并非仅仅是休假、放纵或恶习；对大脑而言，它就如同维生素 D 对身体一样不可或缺。一旦缺乏，我们会遭受一种精神困扰，其危害性不亚于佝偻病对身体的摧残。无所事事所带来的空间与宁静，是让人跳出生活、纵观全局的必要条件，是促成意外关联、等待灵感如夏日闪电般突然迸发的前提 —— 然而矛盾的是，要完成任何工作，这种状态都是必不可少的。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦观点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “跳槽” 现象的辩证分析及论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Job Hopping: A Double-Edged Sword for Career Development
Job hopping, defined as frequent job changes, has sparked heated debates in the job market. On one hand, it is regarded as beneficial for certain groups like technologists, who need to update their skills constantly to stay competitive. On the other hand, amid the economic slowdown caused by COVID-19, many employers reject job hoppers outright, believing that stable development over years helps employees improve adaptability, persistence and professional skills.
From my perspective, job hopping is neither inherently good nor bad; its impact on career development depends on individual circumstances and motives. For professionals in fast-changing fields such as technology and digital marketing, moderate job hopping can bring tangible benefits. It allows them to expose themselves to diverse work environments, learn new skills and expand professional networks, which are crucial for keeping pace with industry trends. However, blind and frequent job hopping without clear career planning is detrimental. It may make employers doubt one’s loyalty and stability, and prevent individuals from mastering in-depth skills required for career advancement.
Moreover, the key to leveraging job hopping lies in the quality of transitions rather than the frequency. Before changing jobs, one should have a clear understanding of personal career goals and the potential gains from the new position. For example, switching to a company with better development prospects or a role that matches one’s long-term plans can be a wise move. In contrast, changing jobs merely for higher pay or to escape difficulties will not contribute to long-term career growth.
In conclusion, job hopping can be a double-edged sword. When guided by rational planning and clear goals, it can become a powerful tool for career development. However, reckless job hopping will only hinder professional progress. Therefore, individuals should weigh the pros and cons carefully and make informed decisions based on their unique career paths.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “总结不同观点 — 阐述个人立场 — 分点论证 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合写作要求；
- 内容：辩证分析跳槽的利弊，结合不同行业特点与个人情况展开，论据充分，贴合 250 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “sparked heated debates, tangible benefits, detrimental, leveraging, reckless” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为华北电力大学 2020 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节定位与逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的辩证思维与结构优化，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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