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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，扬州大学 2018 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作三大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、时政类文本翻译与学术相关主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like "Paleolithic Man", "Neolithic Man", etc. neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label "Legless Man". Histories of the time will go something like this: "in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking...".
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird's-eye view of the world - or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows...
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Anthropologists label nowadays men "Legless" because ______.
A. people forget how to use their legs
B. people prefer cars, buses and trains
C. lifts and escalators prevent people from walking
D. there are a lot of transportation devices
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What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A. Legs become weaker.
B. Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C. There is no need to use eyes.
D. The best way to travel is on foot.
我们既要绿水青山，也要金山银山。宁要绿水青山，不要金山银山。我们绝不能以牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展。
Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words on the topic "How to Protect Intellectual Property Rights in Doing Academic Research". You should state your thesis statement, support it with details, and make a conclusion.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “Legless Man” 标签由来的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs”，这是人类学家将现代人标记为 “无腿人” 的核心原因，故选 [A]。
[B]“人们偏好汽车、公交车和火车”、[C]“电梯和自动扶梯阻止人们行走”、[D]“存在大量交通工具” 均是现代人不用腿的具体表现，而非标签的直接原因，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查主旨归纳，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对文章核心观点的提炼。
- 答案详解：文章批判了现代高速旅行让人们忽视当下体验、无法感受沿途风景的弊端，转而强调步行旅行 “时刻活在当下、全方位体验旅程” 的优势，核心目的是说明 “步行是最佳旅行方式”，故选 [D]。
[A]“腿变得更弱”、[B]“现代交通让世界变小”、[C]“没必要用眼睛” 均与文章主旨相悖，故排除。
We want both green mountains and clear waters, and gold and silver mountains. We would rather have green mountains and clear waters than gold and silver mountains. We must never pursue temporary economic development at the cost of sacrificing the ecological environment.
- 考点定位：本题考查时政类文本汉译英，是翻译部分的核心考点，聚焦生态环保相关政策表述的规范翻译，需兼顾术语精准与句式对仗。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“绿水青山” 译为 “green mountains and clear waters”（官方标准译法），“金山银山” 译为 “gold and silver mountains”，“以…… 为代价” 译为 “at the cost of”，“生态环境” 译为 “ecological environment”，符合时政翻译规范。
- 句式优化：保留中文对仗结构，“既要…… 也要……” 译为 “want both...and...”，“宁要…… 不要……” 译为 “would rather have...than...”，逻辑清晰且贴合原文语气；“绝不能” 译为 “must never”，强化语气，符合政策表述的严肃性。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “生态优先、拒绝以环境换经济” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递原文的生态发展理念。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦学术研究类议论文写作，核心考查对 “学术研究中如何保护知识产权” 的系统阐述能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点，需兼顾理论阐述与实践可行性。
- 答案详解：
How to Protect Intellectual Property Rights in Doing Academic Research
Protecting intellectual property rights (IPR) is a fundamental requirement for maintaining academic integrity and promoting innovation. In academic research, effective IPR protection not only safeguards the legitimate rights of creators but also fosters a fair and orderly academic environment. Thus, it is crucial to take targeted measures to strengthen IPR protection in research practices.
Firstly, researchers should enhance their IPR awareness. They need to learn relevant laws and regulations, such as copyright law and patent law, to understand the scope and boundaries of IPR protection. For example, when citing others' research results, proper citation formats must be used to avoid plagiarism. Secondly, universities and research institutions should establish sound management systems. They can offer specialized training courses on IPR, set up supervision mechanisms for research projects, and provide guidance on patent application and copyright registration. Additionally, strict punishment for IPR infringement is necessary. Academic institutions should impose severe penalties on plagiarism, unauthorized use of research results and other violations to deter potential offenders.
In conclusion, protecting IPR in academic research requires the joint efforts of researchers, institutions and the whole society. By enhancing awareness, improving management systems and strengthening punishment, we can effectively safeguard IPR, promote healthy academic exchanges and drive continuous innovation in the academic field.
- 结构：遵循 “明确论点 — 分点论证（意识提升、制度建设、惩罚机制）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论据充分；
- 内容：结合 “规范引用、专业培训、违规处罚” 等具体措施，兼具理论性与实践可行性，符合 250 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “intellectual property rights, academic integrity, plagiarism, supervision mechanisms, infringement” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为扬州大学 2018 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨归纳、时政翻译的术语规范及学术类写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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