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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为西北师范大学 2012 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- It takes time to ______ the ideas which are not suitable.
A. think out B. break out C. rule out D. work out
- Superstitions often have interesting explanations, many of ______ are based on religious beliefs.
A. what B. that C. which D. them
During the 2010-11 school year, Adeline Seise's son Gabriel, a second grader, repeatedly disrupted classes at Public School in the Bronx. On Sept. 29, according to a school report, Gabriel told his teacher he was going to beat up a classmate... While the teacher was trying to calm him, Gabriel, who was 10 at the time, spotted the boy and pushed him from behind. The boy whipped Gabriel in the face with a sweater, scratching him under the eye. Gabriel was enraged, and when the teacher tried to stop him, he tripped her. Security guards restrained him and school officials called Emergency Medical Services, which transported Gabriel to St. Barnabas Hospital's emergency room, where he was evaluated by a psychiatrist.
Gabriel did not need to be admitted to the hospital, the psychiatrist wrote; he was cleared to return to school the next day. This happened several times that year. Once, according to a school report, Gabriel became so enraged, "he grabbed desks, chairs, books and plastic bins and threw them throughout the room." A few days after the Sept. 29 incident, the school's special education committee decided Gabriel - who has been given a diagnosis of attention deficit and oppositional defiant disorders - needed regular counseling. He never got the counseling.
-
According to the author, Gabriel's behavior is out of control mainly because ______
A. a boy played trick on him
B. he has some psychological problems but he never got the counseling
C. his behavior on that day was out of the teacher's expectation
D. the teacher did not calm him in time
-
The author thinks that ______ is helpful to disruptive children.
A. small-sized class
B. aide to teachers
C. psychological counseling
D. all above
This departure of inhabitants in Chinatown portends the loss of a place once so integral to Chinese American that Victor Nee and Bret de Bary Nee, in their 1973 book, Longtime Californ, noted that "virtually every Chinese living in San Francisco has something to do with Chinatown."
提起 "英年早逝"，人们或有所指。人们定会相信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为 "早逝"。长寿即意味着生命之完整。
Directions: As a wise man once put it, "Not the ignorance but the ignorance of ignorance is the death of knowledge". People hold differently on the relationship between ignorance and knowledge. What's your comment on it? Write an essay of about 300 words to state your idea. A title is necessary for your essay.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词短语词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “排除不合适想法” 语境的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “排除不合适的想法需要时间”，需选择 “排除” 含义的短语。
选项分析：
- [A] think out：意为 “仔细思考出”，侧重思考过程；
- [B] break out：意为 “爆发”，多用于灾难、战争等；
- [C] rule out：意为 “排除、取消”，契合 “排除不合适想法” 的语义；
- [D] work out：意为 “解决、算出”，侧重解决问题或计算结果，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦非限制性定语从句，是语法部分的核心考点，考查对定语从句引导词的掌握。
- 答案详解：
句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 “explanations”，指物，且关系词在从句中作介词 “of” 的宾语，故用 “which”。
选项分析：
- [A] what：不能引导定语从句；
- [B] that：不能用于非限制性定语从句；
- [D] them：会使句子出现两个独立谓语，语法错误，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对行为失控原因的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “Gabriel has been given a diagnosis of attention deficit and oppositional defiant disorders - needed regular counseling. He never got the counseling”，即加布里埃尔患有心理疾病但未得到咨询治疗，这是其行为失控的主要原因。
- [A]“被同学捉弄” 是单次冲突的导火索，非主要原因；[C]“老师未预料到”、[D]“老师未及时安抚” 均非核心原因，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节归纳，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对原文中有益措施的全面把握。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “disruptive children are going to attend a traditional public school, they are placed in a classroom with a 12-to-1 student-to-teacher ratio and assigned an aide”（小班教学 + 教师助手），且加布里埃尔因缺乏心理咨询导致行为失控，反推心理咨询也有效。
- [A]“小班教学”、[B]“教师助手”、[C]“心理咨询” 均对问题儿童有帮助，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查 “portend”“integral to” 等短语及定语从句，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“departure of inhabitants” 译为 “居民的离去”，“portend” 译为 “预示着”，“integral to” 译为 “对…… 至关重要”；
- 定语从句：拆分 “that” 引导的定语从句，译为独立分句 “以至于维克多・倪和布莱特・迪白 - 倪在其 1973 年的著作《加州岁月》中指出”，使中文表达流畅；
- 语义完整：准确传达 “唐人街居民离去预示其重要性消失” 的核心含义。
参考译文：唐人街居民的离去，预示着一个曾经对美国华人至关重要的地方即将消失 —— 以至于维克多・倪和布莱特・迪白 - 倪在其 1973 年的著作《加州岁月》中指出：“几乎所有居住在旧金山的华人都与唐人街有着某种联系。”
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉语四字短语与并列句翻译，核心考查 “英年早逝”“寿终正寝” 等固定表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 固定表达：“英年早逝” 译为 “dying young” 或 “an early death”，“寿终正寝” 译为 “dying of old age”，“生命之完整” 译为 “a complete life”；
- 句式调整：将汉语短句转化为连贯的英文并列句，使用 “People often have a specific meaning in mind when referring to...” 开篇，符合英文表达习惯；
- 语义精准：“更为适宜” 译为 “more appropriate”，“极少称为” 译为 “is rarely called”。
参考译文：When referring to "dying young", people often have a specific meaning in mind. They firmly believe that some people pass away at a more appropriate time. Dying of old age is rarely called "an early death", for a long life signifies a complete life.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦哲理类议论文写作，核心考查对 “无知与知识” 关系的思辨能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
The Danger of Ignoring Ignorance
As a wise saying goes, "Not the ignorance but the ignorance of ignorance is the death of knowledge." This profound statement reveals a crucial truth: the real obstacle to acquiring knowledge is not the lack of it, but failing to recognize one's own ignorance.
Ignorance itself is inevitable, as no one can know everything. What is harmful is the arrogance of denying one's ignorance. For example, in the history of science, many scholars once clung to outdated theories and refused to acknowledge their lack of understanding of new phenomena, which hindered the progress of knowledge. On the contrary, those who are aware of their ignorance are more likely to maintain a humble attitude and keep learning. Confucius once said, "He who knows not and knows not that he knows not is a fool." This warns us that recognizing ignorance is the first step toward knowledge.
To avoid the "death of knowledge", we should first cultivate self-awareness of our ignorance. We need to be open-minded to new ideas and perspectives, and not be afraid to admit what we don't know. Secondly, we should actively seek knowledge through reading, learning and communication. Only by facing up to our ignorance can we continuously expand our knowledge and make progress.
In conclusion, ignorance is not terrible, but ignoring ignorance is. We should always keep a humble and curious attitude, recognize our own limitations, and strive to pursue knowledge. In this way, we can avoid the death of knowledge and achieve continuous self-improvement.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “引出名言 — 阐释内涵 — 举例论证 — 提出措施 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰；
- 内容：结合科学史案例与孔子名言，论证 “忽视无知的危害”，论据充分，符合 300 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “profound statement, inevitable, arrogance, hinder, cultivate self-awareness” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为西北师范大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的夯实、阅读理解的细节定位与逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的结构优化与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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