—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，西南大学 2012 年考博英语涵盖词汇、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
-
A broadcasting station will sometimes ______ to its listeners a programme which it has received from another station.
A. rely B. relay C. relate D. reside
-
Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
A. rectifies B. prolongs C. furnishes D. minimizes
Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.
Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.
-
Bacteria are measured in __________.
A. Inches B. Centimeters C. Microns D. Millimeters
-
According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see ___________.
A. tiny dots B. small “hairs” C. large rods D. detailed structures
本世纪初，小麦简直就是加拿大西部的命脉。小麦收成好，经济则繁荣；小麦歉收，经济则萧条。城市中大街小巷的人们都在关注着小麦的收成和价格，这种心情就好像他们就是种植者一样。
Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words entitled “The Qualities of the Cross-Century Talents”.
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，聚焦 “广播电台转播节目” 的语义逻辑，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. rely（依赖，常与 on 搭配）；B. relay（转播；传递）；C. relate（联系；讲述）；D. reside（居住）。语境为 “广播电台有时会向听众转播从其他电台接收的节目”，“relay” 贴合 “转播” 的语义，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析与固定搭配，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦 “阅读对思维的作用” 逻辑。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. rectifies（纠正）；B. prolongs（延长）；C. furnishes（提供，常与 with 搭配，表 “为…… 提供……”）；D. minimizes（最小化）。语境为 “阅读仅为思维提供知识素材，思考才让所学为己所用”，“furnish...with...” 为固定搭配，符合语义与语法要求，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “细菌测量单位” 的精准查找。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “bacterial size is measured in microns”，即 “细菌的大小以微米为单位测量”，故选 [C]。其他选项均为人类或宏观物体的测量单位，与原文不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对 “显微镜放大 100 倍下细菌形态” 的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots”，即 “放大 100 倍时，细菌仅能看到微小的杆状或点状”，故选 [A]。
[B]“小毛发”（鞭毛）需通过特殊染色才能看到；[C]“大的杆状” 与 “tiny rods” 不符；[D]“详细结构” 在 100 倍放大下无法分辨，故排除。
At the beginning of this century, wheat was simply the lifeblood of Western Canada. A good wheat harvest brought economic prosperity, while a poor harvest led to economic depression. People in every street and alley of the cities were concerned about the wheat harvest and its price, as if they were the growers themselves.
- 考点定位：本题考查描述类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“命脉” 译为 “lifeblood”（形象且贴合语义），“收成好” 译为 “a good wheat harvest”，“经济繁荣” 译为 “economic prosperity”，“经济萧条” 译为 “economic depression”，符合语境表达规范。
- 句式优化：将中文对比分句 “小麦收成好，经济则繁荣；小麦歉收，经济则萧条” 译为 “A good wheat harvest brought..., while a poor harvest led to...”，用 “while” 衔接对比关系，逻辑清晰；“这种心情就好像他们就是种植者一样” 译为 “as if they were the growers themselves”，虚拟语气使用准确，贴合语义。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “小麦的重要性、收成与经济的关联、人们对小麦的关注” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦人才素质类议论文写作，核心考查对 “跨世纪人才应具备的素质” 的系统阐述能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
The Qualities of the Cross-Century Talents
In the era of globalization and rapid technological advancement, cross-century talents are expected to possess comprehensive qualities to meet the challenges of the new age. From my perspective, the key qualities include solid professional competence, innovative thinking and good cross-cultural communication skills.
Firstly, solid professional competence is the fundamental requirement. With the deepening of professional division of labor, cross-century talents must master in-depth knowledge and skills in their respective fields. Whether in science, technology, literature or other disciplines, profound professional accumulation enables talents to stand firm in fierce competition and make contributions to social development.
Secondly, innovative thinking is an indispensable quality. The cross-century era is full of changes and opportunities, and only those who can break through traditional thinking patterns can keep up with the times. Innovative talents are able to discover new problems, put forward new ideas and find new solutions, which is crucial for technological progress and social innovation.
Finally, good cross-cultural communication skills are essential in the globalized world. Cross-century talents need to cooperate with people from different countries and cultures. Excellent cross-cultural communication skills help to eliminate misunderstandings, promote mutual understanding and achieve win-win cooperation.
In conclusion, solid professional competence, innovative thinking and good cross-cultural communication skills are the core qualities of cross-century talents. Only by continuously improving these qualities can individuals adapt to the development of the times and realize their own values.
- 结构：遵循 “总述核心素质 — 分述各素质重要性 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点全面；
- 内容：围绕 “专业能力、创新思维、跨文化沟通能力” 三大核心素质展开，论据充分，符合 250 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “comprehensive qualities, professional competence, innovative thinking, cross-cultural communication skills, professional division of labor” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为西南大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义与搭配、阅读理解的细节提取、翻译的句式优化及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
西南大学考博真题是西南大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考西南大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。西南大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
