注：本资料为部分真题及答案详解样本，完整内容包含全部题型的完整题目、详细解析、答题技巧及写作范文，如需获取完整电子版真题资料，请前往页面顶部查询清单、购买下载。
How did the study evaluate every participant's sense of responsibility?
A. Through a 12-year observation.
B. On a neurological examination.
C. By a cognitive test.
D. By asking a group of questions.
- 正确答案：D
- 解析：本题考查细节理解题。
- 定位原文第三段关键信息：“Early on in the study, participants completed a personality test to determine how conscientious they were. Based on answers to 12 questions such as 'I am a productive person who always gets the job done', they received a score ranging from 0 to 48.”（研究初期，参与者完成了一项人格测试以确定其责任心水平。根据对 “我是一个高效率、总能完成工作的人” 等 12 个问题的回答，他们获得了 0 至 48 分的分数。）
- 分析选项：
- A 选项 “通过 12 年的观察”：12 年是整个研究的持续时间，并非评估责任心的方式，排除。
- B 选项 “通过神经学检查”：神经学检查是参与者接受的常规检查之一，但并非用于评估责任心，排除。
- C 选项 “通过认知测试”：认知测试的目的是监测认知功能，与责任心评估无关，排除。
- D 选项 “通过一组问题”：与原文中 “基于 12 个问题的回答” 一致，是评估责任心的核心方式，正确。
According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its
A. uncertainty and complexity.
B. misconception and deceptiveness.
C. logicality and objectivity.
D. systematicness and regularity.
- 正确答案：A
- 解析：本题考查细节理解题。
- 定位原文第一段关键句：“But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.”（但在日常的科学实践中，发现往往遵循一条模糊且复杂的路径。）
- 分析选项：
- A 选项 “不确定性和复杂性”：“ambiguous”（模糊的）对应 “uncertainty”（不确定性），“complicated”（复杂的）对应 “complexity”（复杂性），与原文表述完全一致，正确。
- B 选项 “误解和欺骗性”：原文提到 “Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound”（误解、错误和自我欺骗的可能性比比皆是），但这是发现过程中存在的风险，而非其本质特征，排除。
- C 选项 “逻辑性和客观性”：这是理想状态下科学研究的特点（原文首句 “In the idealized version of how science is done...”），而非实际发现过程的特征，排除。
- D 选项 “系统性和规律性”：原文未提及发现过程具有 “系统性” 或 “规律性”，反而强调其模糊复杂，排除。
As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate _from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing
B. to hear
C. to be hearing
D. having heard
- 正确答案：A
- 解析：本题考查固定搭配及非谓语动词。
- 核心知识点：动词 “appreciate”（感激；重视）后接名词或动名词作宾语，固定用法为 “appreciate doing sth.”，表示 “感激做某事”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “hearing”：动名词形式，符合 “appreciate doing sth.” 的固定搭配，且 “hear from sb.”（收到某人的消息）为常用短语，代入句意为 “我很感激能时不时收到你的消息，告知大家近况”，逻辑通顺，正确。
- B 选项 “to hear”：动词不定式，不符合 “appreciate” 的搭配要求，排除。
- C 选项 “to be hearing”：不定式的进行式，同样不符合搭配规则，排除。
- D 选项 “having heard”：动名词的完成式，强调动作发生在 “appreciate” 之前，但此处无 “先收到消息再感激” 的时间逻辑，仅表示 “希望收到消息” 的一般愿望，排除。
Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled _a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.
A. to
B. with
C. for
D. on
- 正确答案：A
- 解析：本题考查固定搭配。
- 核心知识点：“entitle”（使有权利；赋予资格）的固定搭配为 “be entitled to sth./to do sth.”，表示 “有权获得某物 / 有权做某事”，其中 “to” 为介词，后接名词或动名词。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “to”：符合 “be entitled to sth.” 的固定搭配，代入句意为 “除非你与保险公司为货物签订合同，否则你无权就运输过程中损坏的货物获得赔偿”，语义正确。
- B 选项 “with”、C 选项 “for”、D 选项 “on”：均不与 “entitle” 构成有效搭配，排除。
I have kept a record of informal conversations_36_some 300 students from at_37_twenty-one colleges and universities.
A. involving
B. counting
C. covering
D. figuring
- 正确答案：A
- 解析：本题考查动词辨析。
- 语境分析：空格处需填入一个动词，描述 “非正式对话” 与 “300 名学生” 之间的关系，即 “对话涉及 300 名学生”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “involving”：意为 “涉及；包含”，侧重 “某事涉及某人 / 某物”，符合 “对话涉及 300 名学生” 的语境，正确。
- B 选项 “counting”：意为 “计数；把…… 算入”，强调 “统计数量”，此处并非强调 “统计学生人数”，而是 “对话涉及这些学生”，排除。
- C 选项 “covering”：意为 “覆盖；包含（范围、主题等）”，多用于描述 “内容覆盖某领域”，不适合描述 “对话与学生的关联”，排除。
- D 选项 “figuring”：意为 “计算；认为”，与语境无关，排除。
Most of their remarks were kindly
40-with tolerance rather than bitterness--and frequently were softened by the_41_that the students were speaking about some, not all, instructors.
A. received
B. addressed
C. made
D. taken
- 正确答案：C
- 解析：本题考查固定搭配及动词辨析。
- 核心知识点：“make remarks” 为固定短语，意为 “发表评论；提出意见”，此处为被动语态 “remarks were made”，表示 “学生们的评论是友善地提出的”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “received”：意为 “收到；接受”，“remarks were received” 表示 “评论被收到”，但原文强调 “评论的提出方式是友善的”，而非 “被接收”，排除。
- B 选项 “addressed”：意为 “针对；向…… 致辞”，“remarks were addressed” 后需接宾语（如 “to sb.”），此处无宾语，语法不通，排除。
- C 选项 “made”：与 “remarks” 构成固定搭配 “make remarks”，被动形式符合句意，正确。
- D 选项 “taken”：意为 “拿；接受”，“take remarks” 并非固定搭配，且语义不符，排除。
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
- 参考译文：行为科学的变革进展缓慢，部分原因是其解释性术语往往看似可以直接观察到，另一部分原因是难以找到其他类型的解释。
- 解析：
- 句式分析：本句为复合句，主干为 “The behavioral sciences have been slow to change”（行为科学的变革进展缓慢），后接两个由 “partly because” 引导的并列原因状语从句，说明进展缓慢的两大原因。
- 关键词汇解析：
- “behavioral sciences”：行为科学（固定术语）。
- “slow to change”：变革缓慢（“be slow to do sth.” 表示 “做某事缓慢”）。
- “explanatory items”：解释性术语（此处 “items” 指行为科学中用于解释现象的概念、词汇等，译为 “术语” 更符合中文语境）。
- “seem to be directly observed”：看似可以直接观察到（被动语态转译为主动表达，更符合中文表达习惯）。
- “hard to find”：难以找到（形容词短语作后置定语，修饰 “other kinds of explanations”）。
What motivates people to change?
（要求：约 300 词，结合阅读、学习、经历或观察举例论证）
Inner Drive: The Core Motivation for Change
Winston Churchill once remarked, “To improve is to change. To be perfect is to change often.” Change is an inevitable part of life, yet few people embrace it passively. As the excerpt suggests, external pushes rarely lead to lasting change; the true motivation always stems from within.
First and foremost, the desire for self-improvement is a powerful inner drive. People change because they aspire to become better versions of themselves. For instance, a college graduate may give up a stable job to pursue further studies, not because of others’ expectations, but because they recognize their own limitations and yearn for more knowledge. Similarly, many people adopt healthy lifestyles—quitting smoking, exercising regularly—not due to external pressure, but because they value their well-being and want to live a more fulfilling life.
Second, the fear of stagnation motivates people to step out of their comfort zones. In a rapidly changing world, staying unchanged means falling behind. A middle-aged professional may learn new digital skills voluntarily, not because their company forces them to, but because they are afraid of being replaced by younger generations. This fear, rooted in the instinct to survive and thrive, drives them to adapt and grow.
Finally, the pursuit of meaningful goals fuels persistent change. When people have a clear vision of what they want to achieve, they are willing to adjust their behaviors and habits. For example, an environmentalist may alter their daily routine—reducing plastic use, choosing green transportation—because they are committed to protecting the planet. Their goal gives them the courage to overcome the insecurity that comes with change.
In conclusion, while external factors may trigger temporary adjustments, genuine and lasting change is driven by inner motivations: the desire for self-improvement, the fear of stagnation, and the pursuit of meaningful goals. Only when people are motivated from within can they embrace change wholeheartedly and unlock their full potential.
- 结构框架：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，首段引用名言引出核心观点（内在驱动力是变革的核心），中间三段分别从 “自我提升的渴望”“对停滞的恐惧”“对有意义目标的追求” 三个维度展开论证，每段结合具体例子增强说服力，末段总结升华。
- 论证逻辑：每个分论点均紧扣 “内在动机”，避免提及外部因素的主导作用，符合题干要求；例子贴近生活、典型易懂，如 “毕业生深造”“职场人学新技能” 等，增强文章共鸣感。
- 语言表达：句式多样（包含定语从句、状语从句、并列句等），词汇丰富（如 “aspire to”“stagnation”“embrace change” 等），符合考博英语写作的语言要求。
河南师范大学考博真题是河南师范大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考河南师范大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。河南师范大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
