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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，2018 年西南科技大学考博英语涵盖阅读理解、语法词汇、翻译、写作四大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of nonhuman animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rain forest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures? Or is there more to it than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.
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The first paragraph is mainly about_.
A. the intrinsic value of human experiences
B. the intrinsic value of the experiences of nonhuman animals
C. the intrinsic value of ecological system as a whole
D. an ancient ethical question about the nature of intrinsic value
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We owe nothing to the future generations_.
A. in the author's opinion
B. from a social contract view of ethics
C. for a utilitarian
D. for most environmentalists
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Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper_ it closely.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. being followed
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Correct ideas are not_ in the mind, but come from social practice.
A. learned B. friendly C. imparted D. innate
在今天的中国，平均每天有 24 万人成为互联网的新用户，平均每 400 个中国人就拥有一个网站。按照目前的发展速度，再过两年，中国的互联网使用者将超过 5 亿，互联网的普及率将从目前的 25.5% 提高到 38.5%。
Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words based on the topic "Does College Education Prepare Students Well to Melt into Society?" You are to write in three parts: state your opinion, provide reasons or experiences to support it, and make a conclusion.
- 考点定位：本题考查段落主旨归纳，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对第一段核心议题的精准提炼。
- 答案详解：第一段开篇即点明 “环境问题引发诸多伦理问题，包括古老的内在价值本质问题”，随后围绕 “物种灭绝、雨林砍伐的遗憾原因” 展开，核心围绕 “内在价值本质的古老伦理问题”，故选 [D]。
[A]“人类经验的内在价值”、[B]“非人类动物经验的内在价值” 仅为段落中哲学家的部分观点，非核心主旨；[C]“生态系统整体的内在价值” 是部分哲学家的新观点，并非段落主要讨论对象，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “对后代义务” 相关观点的精准查找。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing”，即 “从社会契约伦理观或伦理利己主义的角度来看，我们对后代没有任何义务”，故选 [B]。
[A]“作者观点” 与原文不符，作者未认同该观点；[C]“功利主义者” 认为应重视后代利益；[D]“大多数环保主义者” 关注后代生存环境，均不符合题意，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查独立主格结构，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “铜与银导电性的关系” 的逻辑表达。
- 答案详解：逗号前后无连词，需用独立主格结构，“copper” 与 “follow” 为主动关系，故用现在分词 “following”，构成 “名词 + 现在分词” 的独立主格，补充说明银是最佳导体，铜紧随其后，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “正确思想的来源” 逻辑。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. learned（习得的）；B. friendly（友好的）；C. imparted（传授的）；D. innate（天生的）。语境为 “正确思想不是头脑中天生就有的，而是来自社会实践”，“innate” 贴合 “天生存在” 的语义，与后文 “来自社会实践” 形成对比，故选 [D]。
In today's China, an average of 240,000 people become new Internet users every day, and there is one website for every 400 Chinese people. At the current development speed, in another two years, the number of Internet users in China will exceed 500 million, and the Internet penetration rate will rise from the current 25.5% to 38.5%.
- 考点定位：本题考查社会发展类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及数字表达规范，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“互联网新用户” 译为 “new Internet users”，“普及率” 译为 “penetration rate”，符合行业规范；“按照目前的发展速度” 译为 “At the current development speed”，表达自然。
- 句式优化：将中文两个并列分句 “平均每天有…… 拥有一个网站” 译为两个并列主句，用 “and” 衔接，逻辑清晰；“再过两年” 译为 “in another two years”，符合英文时间表达习惯。
- 数字规范：“24 万人” 译为 “240,000 people”，“5 亿” 译为 “500 million”，“25.5%”“38.5%” 保留百分号形式，数字表达准确无误。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦教育与社会类议论文写作，核心考查对 “大学教育是否能很好地让学生融入社会” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Does College Education Prepare Students Well to Melt into Society?
In my opinion, college education plays a vital role in preparing students to melt into society, though it may have some room for improvement. It equips students with essential knowledge, skills and qualities that lay a solid foundation for their social integration.
Firstly, college provides a platform for students to develop interpersonal skills. Through group projects, club activities and campus interactions, students learn to communicate, cooperate and resolve conflicts with people from diverse backgrounds. These experiences help them adapt to the complex social environment after graduation. Secondly, college courses, especially practical ones and interdisciplinary subjects, enable students to acquire professional skills and a broad perspective. For example, courses on communication, management and teamwork directly enhance their ability to cope with work-related challenges. Moreover, college cultivates students' independent thinking and problem-solving abilities, which are crucial for handling the various issues in social life.
However, college education cannot cover all aspects of social life. Students still need to accumulate practical experience through internships and part-time jobs. In conclusion, college education effectively prepares students for social integration by fostering their interpersonal skills, professional competence and independent thinking. With the combination of campus learning and social practice, students can better adapt to society and achieve their life goals.
- 结构：严格遵循 “明确观点 — 分点论证 — 总结补充” 的要求，层次清晰，逻辑连贯；
- 内容：结合校园活动、课程设置等具体案例，论据充分，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “vital role, lay a solid foundation, interpersonal skills, interdisciplinary subjects, professional competence” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为 2018 年西南科技大学考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨归纳与细节提取、语法词汇的结构与语义匹配、翻译的术语与数字规范及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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