—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦阅读理解、词汇、完形填空等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为合肥工业大学 2014 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
In the mid-nineteenth, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil—the basic ingredients of industrial growth—were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.
Many factors influenced the emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century—always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
-
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The history of railroads in the United States
B. The major United States industrial centers
C. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
D. The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century
-
Why does the author mention "a spider's web" (Line 2, Para. 2)?
A. To emphasize the railroad's consumption of oil and coal
B. To describe the complex structure of the railway system
C. To explain the problems brought on by railway expansion
D. To describe the difficulties involved in the distribution of raw materials
-
Which of the following is NOT true of United States farmers in the nineteenth century?
A. They lost some jobs because of mechanization.
B. They raised their productivity by using new machinery.
C. They sold food to European countries.
D. They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas.
The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.
In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.
You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes—the blueprints for each of the enzymes—and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases—diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.
-
What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The microbe hunters
B. The potential of genetic engineering
C. The progress of modern medical research
D. The discovery of enzymes
-
How do vitamins influence health?
A. They are necessary for some enzymes to function.
B. They protect the body from microbes.
C. They keep food from spoiling.
D. They are broken down by cells to produce energy.
Directions: In this section, there are 15 sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
-
In the gloriously hot summer of nineteen fourteen, the murder of Austria-Hungarian Archduke in an obscure part of the Balkans provided the spark which set Europe ablaze.
A. indistinct B. unfriendly C. imprecise D. unknown
-
They denounce deficit spending, declaring that you can't solve debt problems with more debt.
A. condemn B. dispute C. contend D. neglect
Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon (干扰素), a_36_ wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To_37_, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to_38_its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.
-
A. possible B. adequate C. potential D. capable
-
A. determine B. discourage C. decrease D. disclose
- [C] Factors that affected industrialization in the United States
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主旨大意，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对文章核心议题的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
文章开篇提到美国丰富的自然资源是工业化的基础，随后围绕铁路发展、机床改进、农业生产提升等因素展开，说明这些均对工业化产生影响。A 选项 “铁路历史”、B 选项 “工业中心”、D 选项 “农业作用” 均为文章局部内容，并非核心主旨，故选 [C]。
- [B] To describe the complex structure of the railway system
- 考点定位：本题聚焦修辞目的，是阅读理解的高频考点，考查对作者比喻手法的理解。
- 答案详解：
“a spider's web”（蜘蛛网）用于形容铁路网络，结合后文 “connecting all important sources... their centers of distribution” 可知，作者旨在突出铁路系统连接广泛、结构复杂的特点。A 选项 “强调铁路对能源的消耗”、C 选项 “解释铁路扩张的问题”、D 选项 “描述原材料分配的困难” 均与比喻含义无关，故选 [B]。
- [D] They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节判断，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对农民相关信息的精准捕捉。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to Europe”，即美国农业生产满足了城市需求，还能向欧洲出口，D 选项 “无法为城市提供足够食物” 与原文矛盾，故选 [D]。
- [C] The progress of modern medical research
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主旨大意，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对文章发展脉络的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
文章按时间顺序依次介绍了 “微生物猎人”“维生素猎人”“酶猎人”“基因猎人” 的兴起与发展，展现了现代医学研究的逐步推进。A、B、D 选项均为不同阶段的局部话题，并非全文核心，故选 [C]。
- [A] They are necessary for some enzymes to function.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对维生素作用机制的把握。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes”，即代谢中的关键酶需要维生素作为辅酶才能发挥作用，A 选项符合原文表述。B 选项 “抵御微生物” 是微生物猎人的研究范畴，C 选项 “防止食物变质”、D 选项 “被细胞分解产能量” 均未提及，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，考查对语境中词汇含义的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
“obscure” 在此处形容 “巴尔干半岛的一个地方”，结合语境 “引发世界大战的导火索” 可推断，该地方当时并不知名。A 选项 “模糊的” 侧重视觉或概念上的不清晰，B 选项 “不友好的”、C 选项 “不精确的” 均不符合语境，D 选项 “未知的、不知名的” 契合含义，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对核心动词的语义理解。
- 答案详解：
“denounce” 意为 “公开谴责、指责”，后文 “宣称不能用更多债务解决债务问题” 体现了反对态度。A 选项 “谴责” 与 “denounce” 语义一致；B 选项 “争论”、C 选项 “主张”、D 选项 “忽视” 均不符合语境，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是完形填空的核心考点，考查对语境中药物特质的把握。
- 答案详解：
干扰素被描述为 “神奇药物”，且已被证明对多种疾病有效，但产量极低，可见其具有很大的发展潜力。A 选项 “可能的” 侧重 “尚未实现”，B 选项 “足够的”、D 选项 “有能力的” 均不贴合 “药物潜力” 的语境，C 选项 “潜在的、有潜力的” 符合语义，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是完形填空的高频考点，考查对药物反应与使用关系的理解。
- 答案详解：
前文提到 “新药未引发足够严重的不良反应”，可推断这些反应不足以阻碍其使用。A 选项 “决定”、C 选项 “减少”、D 选项 “揭露” 均不符合逻辑，B 选项 “阻碍、使气馁” 契合语境，即 “未出现足以阻碍其使用的不良反应”，故选 [B]。
以上仅为合肥工业大学 2014 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨捕捉与细节定位、词汇的精准辨析、完形填空的语境逻辑把握，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，夯实备考基础。
合肥工业大学考博真题是合肥工业大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考合肥工业大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。合肥工业大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
