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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，山西师范大学 2014 年考博英语涵盖词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
- The population of the village has decreased ______ 15% to 500.
A. in B. at C. by D. with
- In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that ______.
A. come along B. come by C. come across D. come to
This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support one's parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government.
That does not mean it hasn't generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the "Sue Your Son" law.
Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility. It kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality proves insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.
-
The Maintenance of Parents Bill ______.
A. received unanimous support in the Singapore Parliament
B. was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poor
C. was intended to substitute for traditional values in Singapore
D. was passed to make the young more responsible to the old
-
By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population, the author seems to imply that ______.
A. the country will face mounting problems of the old in future
B. the social welfare system would be under great pressure
C. young people should be given more moral education
D. the old should be provided with means of livelihood
战士是永远追求光明的。他并不仅仅躺在晴空下享受阳光，还要在暗夜里燃起火炬，给人们照道路，使他们走向黎明。驱散黑暗，这是战士的任务。他不躲避黑暗，却要面对黑暗，跟躲藏在阴影里的鬼魅搏斗。
Directions: Write an essay of about 300 words to discuss your understanding of university education and vocational education. Title it yourself.
- 考点定位：本题考查介词搭配，聚焦 “减少” 类动词的固定用法，是词汇语法部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
表示 “数量减少了…… 比例” 时，需用介词 “by”；“decrease to” 后接最终数值，表 “减少到……”。句意为 “村庄人口减少了 15%，降至 500 人”，故选 [C]。
[A] in、[B] at、[D] with 均无此搭配，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词短语辨析，聚焦短语语义与语境的匹配，是词汇语法部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：A. come along（出现；到来）；B. come by（获得；经过）；C. come across（偶遇；发现）；D. come to（达到；苏醒）。
语境为 “在人生最艰难的时刻，要充分利用出现的美好事物”，[A] 选项契合语义，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对法案核心目的的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support one's parents”“provide a safety net where this morality proves insufficient”，法案的核心目的是通过法律手段促使年轻人履行赡养父母的责任，故选 [D]。
[A]“获得议会一致支持” 与 “Several members of the Parliament opposed” 矛盾；[B]“解决所有贫困老人问题” 过于绝对；[C]“取代传统价值观” 与 “not to replace morality” 相悖，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查推理判断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对数据背后隐含意义的推断。
- 答案详解：
原文提及新加坡 60 岁以上人口比例从 1980 年的 7.2% 增长到 21 世纪末的 11%，2030 年预计达 26%，结合 “the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline”，可推断该国未来将面临日益严峻的老龄化问题，故选 [A]。
[B]“社会福利系统压力大”、[C]“年轻人需加强道德教育”、[D]“应保障老人生计” 均未体现 “人口比例增长” 的核心逻辑，故排除。
A soldier is always in pursuit of light. He does not merely lie under the clear sky enjoying the sunshine, but also lights a torch in the dark night to illuminate the path for people, guiding them towards dawn. Dispelling darkness is a soldier's mission. He does not avoid darkness; instead, he faces it head-on and fights against the ghosts and goblins hiding in the shadows.
- 考点定位：本题考查抒情类文本汉译英，核心考查语义精准、句式连贯及情感传递，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 语义精准：“追求光明” 译为 “in pursuit of light”，比 “seek light” 更具文学性；“燃起火炬” 译为 “lights a torch”，“鬼魅” 译为 “ghosts and goblins”，贴合原文比喻修辞；
- 句式优化：将中文多个短句整合为英文复合句，用 “not merely...but also...”“instead” 等连接词，使逻辑清晰；“给人们照道路，使他们走向黎明” 译为 “illuminate the path for people, guiding them towards dawn”，用现在分词短语衔接，符合英文表达习惯；
- 情感传递：保留原文的激昂语气，“face it head-on”（直面）强化战士的勇敢形象，契合文本主旨。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦教育类议论文写作，核心考查对大学教育与职业教育的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
University Education and Vocational Education: Complementary for Sustainable Development
The debate over the orientation of higher education—whether to prioritize university education or vocational education—has aroused widespread concern. In my view, the two are not mutually exclusive but complementary, each playing an irreplaceable role in personal growth and social development.
University education emphasizes theoretical foundation and critical thinking. It equips students with systematic knowledge in specialized fields, fostering their ability to conduct in-depth research and innovation. For example, in science, technology, and humanities, university graduates are the backbone of academic research and high-end talent reserves. However, with the expansion of university enrollment, "degree inflation" has emerged, and some graduates lack practical skills, failing to meet the needs of the job market.
Vocational education, on the other hand, focuses on practical skills and professional competence. It targets specific occupations, providing students with hands-on training to meet the demands of the labor market. Skilled workers trained in vocational schools are in short supply in fields such as manufacturing, healthcare, and engineering, filling the gap in technical positions. Nevertheless, vocational education was once undervalued, and its development lags behind the needs of industrial upgrading in some regions.
In conclusion, university education and vocational education should develop in coordination. Universities should strengthen practical teaching and cooperate with enterprises to enhance students' employability. Vocational education should be upgraded to focus on high-tech skills and lifelong learning. Only by integrating the advantages of both can we cultivate diverse talents, promote social mobility, and support sustainable economic and social development.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点 — 分述两种教育的特点与不足 — 总结协调发展” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点全面；
- 内容：结合具体领域实例，论据充分，辩证分析了两种教育的价值与问题，符合 300 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “theoretical foundation, critical thinking, degree inflation, vocational competence” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为山西师范大学 2014 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的固定搭配、阅读理解的细节定位与推理、翻译的语义精准及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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