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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦语言基础知识、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合能力，对考生的英语应用素养具有关键考查意义。以下为广西大学 2014 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so 1 with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that you'd think this was a new sort of 2 which all of us are now required to learn.
- [A] contained [B] embraced [C] packed [D] littered
- [A] ability [B] skill [C] quality [D] technology
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don't at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth's story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but nice isn't a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you'll probably have to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
- According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should [A] demonstrate his capability [B] give his boss a good impression [C] ask for as much money as he can [D] ask for the salary he hopes to get
- What can be inferred from Beth's story? [A] Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations. [B] If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it. [C] People should not be content with what they have got. [D] People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
- We can learn from the passage that [A] unfairness exists in salary increases [B] most people are overworked and underpaid [C] one should avoid overstating one's performance [D] most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
- To get a pay raise, a person should [A] advertise himself on the job market [B] persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract [C] try to get inside information about the organization [D] do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
- To be successful in negotiations, one must [A] meet his boss at the appropriate time [B] arrive at the negotiation table punctually [C] be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction [D] be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
Directions: You are going to translate the following sentences from Chinese and English into English and Chinese. Write your translations on the Answer Sheet.
- 名声、财产和权力等都是身外之物，人人都可求而得之，但没有人能够代替你感受人生。
- In effect, they agreed to the view that the very change in law brings about a change in the nature of society and human relationships within it.
Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of "Qualities of Top Research Workers" with about 150 English words. Your composition should be based on the following points:
- 优秀的科研工作者需要具备什么素质？
- 为什么需要这些素质？
- 如何培养这种素质？
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析与固定搭配，是完形填空的基础考点，考查对语境中词汇应用的掌握。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] contained：强调 “包含、容纳”，侧重内容被包裹在内部，常用搭配为 “contain sth.”，不与 “with” 搭配；
- [B] embraced：意为 “拥抱、包含”，侧重主动接纳或涵盖范围广，不与 “with” 搭配；
- [C] packed：意为 “塞满、装满”，固定搭配 “be packed with” 表示 “充满某物”，符合语境 “书中充满详细信息”；
- [D] littered：意为 “乱扔、散落”，常用搭配 “be littered with” 但侧重 “杂乱散布”，与 “详细信息” 的语境不符。
结合语境 “书籍包含大量详细信息”，“be packed with” 为固定搭配，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦名词词义辨析，是完形填空的核心考点，考查对上下文逻辑的理解。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] ability：侧重 “天生的能力或后天习得的才能”，强调 “能做某事的本事”；
- [B] skill：侧重 “通过学习和训练掌握的技能、技艺”，符合语境 “被要求学习的新技能”；
- [C] quality：意为 “品质、素质”，与 “学习” 搭配不当；
- [D] technology：意为 “技术、科技”，多指工业或科学领域的技术，与 “个人学习” 无关。
上下文提到 “书籍提供操作指南，需要人们学习”，此处指 “一种需要学习的技能”，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对文章开篇观点的捕捉。
- 答案详解：
文章首句明确 “谈判初始薪资要求更容易，因为一旦入职，组织约束会影响薪资增长”，且后文提到 “想要应得的加薪，至少要主动提出”，可推知 “入职前应主动要求期望的薪资”。
- [A]“展示能力”、[B]“给老板留好印象” 文章未提及；[C]“尽可能多要钱” 与 “期望的薪资” 不符，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦推理判断，是阅读理解的高频考点，考查对案例背后逻辑的提炼。
- 答案详解：
Beth 的故事核心是 “她未主动要求办公室，而入职晚的男性主动提出后获得”，结合前文观点 “不主动要求，获得应得之物的概率更低”，可推断 “想要应得的东西，必须主动争取”。
- [A]“性别偏见” 并非故事核心，核心是 “主动与否”；[C]“不满足现有所得” 过于绝对；[D]“谈判工作时谨慎” 与故事无关，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦推理判断，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对文章隐含信息的把握。
- 答案详解：
文章提到 “男性往往要求更多，也得到更多”“多数组织不会自动按业绩涨薪”，可推知 “薪资增长中存在不公平现象”。
- [B]“多数人超负荷工作却薪资过低” 文章未提及；[C]“避免夸大业绩” 无依据；[D]“多数组织自动涨薪” 与原文 “nice isn't a quality attributed to most organizations” 矛盾，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对具体建议的捕捉。
- 答案详解：
文章明确提到 “时机也是谈判筹码，在业绩薪资决策前，给老板提供他需要的东西（如新客户、大额合同），更可能获得加薪”，与 [D] 表述一致。
- [A]“在就业市场宣传自己”、[B]“说服老板签长期合同”、[C]“获取组织内部信息” 均非文章提及的加薪方法，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对文章结尾观点的理解。
- 答案详解：
文章结尾提到 “谈判时要准备在适当时间亮出筹码，并运用沟通风格引导互动方向”，即 “要善于影响互动的结果”。
- [A]“在适当时间见老板”、[B]“准时到达谈判桌”、[D]“熟悉老板的喜好” 均未在文中提及，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉译英，核心考查名词短语翻译、并列句结构及固定表达，是翻译的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- “身外之物”：译为 “external possessions” 或 “things outside oneself”，准确表达 “与自身本质无关的外在事物”；
- “求而得之”：译为 “strive for and obtain”，体现 “主动追求并获得” 的含义；
- “感受人生”：译为 “experience life”，“感受” 在此处侧重 “亲身经历”，而非单纯 “感觉”；
- 句子结构：用 “such as” 列举名词，前半句用被动语态 “can be striving for and obtained” 保持句式一致，后半句用 “but” 表转折，强调 “亲身感受” 的唯一性。
参考译文：Fame, property, power and the like are all external possessions. Everyone can strive for and obtain them, but no one can experience life on your behalf.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦英译汉，核心考查同位语从句、定语从句及固定短语，是翻译的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- “In effect”：译为 “实际上、事实上”，准确传达语境中的强调语气；
- “the very change”：“very” 在此处表强调，译为 “正是这种变化”；
- “brings about”：译为 “引发、导致”，符合 “法律变化引发社会变化” 的逻辑；
- 从句处理：“that” 引导同位语从句，解释 “view” 的内容，翻译时用冒号连接，使句式更通顺；“within it” 中 “it” 指代 “society”，译为 “社会内部的人际关系”。
参考译文：实际上，他们认同这样一种观点：正是法律的这种变化，引发了社会本质及其内部人际关系的变化。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦议论文写作，核心考查观点表达、逻辑架构及语言规范性，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Qualities of Top Research Workers
Top research workers are supposed to possess three key qualities: curiosity, perseverance and critical thinking. Curiosity drives them to explore unknown areas and raise innovative questions. Perseverance helps them overcome difficulties in long-term research, such as repeated failures in experiments. Critical thinking enables them to analyze data objectively and challenge existing theories.
These qualities are essential because scientific research is a tough and complex journey. Without curiosity, researchers may lack motivation to innovate; without perseverance, they are likely to give up halfway; without critical thinking, they may be misled by false conclusions. Only with these qualities can they make breakthroughs.
To cultivate these qualities, one should keep an open mind to new things and ask more questions. Meanwhile, engaging in long-term research projects can enhance perseverance. Additionally, reading academic papers and participating in debates can improve critical thinking skills.
范文解析：
- 结构：严格遵循 “提出素质 — 分析原因 — 给出方法” 的三段式结构，逻辑清晰；
- 内容：覆盖题目要求的三个要点，论据简洁有力，符合 150 词左右的篇幅要求；
- 语言：使用 “be supposed to”“enable sb. to do”“only with...can...” 等常用表达，语法正确，句式多样。
以上仅为广西大学 2014 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇积累、阅读技巧训练、翻译精准度提升及写作逻辑构建，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，夯实备考基础。
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