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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国矿业大学（徐州）2015 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、英语知识运用、翻译、写作四大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.
In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking" means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.
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What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The American court system requires that a judge prove whether a suspect is innocent
B. The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.
C. Under the American court system, the jury decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.
D. The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.
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What follows "in other words" (Para. 1)?
A. An example of the previous sentence.
B. A new idea about the court system.
C. An item of evidence to call for a trial.
D. A restatement of the previous sentence.
One of the most fascinating fields of psychology is memory. This passage is going to [21] ______ a few things about how to classify and [22] ______ memory.
- A. say B. speak C. talk D. claim
- A. group B. measure C. class D. identify
金银玉器是个总称，通指对金、银等金属材质及玉石进行锻炼、琢磨加工而成的佩戴装饰品或观赏工艺品。我国金银器的制造和使用已有三千多年的历史。在商代青铜文化闻名于世的同时，就已经出现了金器。
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words on the topic "Shopping Overseas, a Blessing or Disaster?". You should cover the current situation of overseas shopping in China, analyze the reasons for the craze, and present your opinion and suggestions.
- 考点定位：本题考查主旨归纳，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对文章核心宗旨的精准提炼。
- 答案详解：文章开篇即点明 “美国法院系统的宗旨是保护人民的权利”，后续围绕这一核心，通过 “无罪推定”“逮捕流程”“庭审环节” 等内容展开，结尾再次强调 “每一步流程都为保护人民权利设计”，核心主旨贯穿全文，故选 [B]。
[A]“要求法官证明嫌疑人无罪” 与原文 “法院负责证明嫌疑人有罪” 相悖；[C]“陪审团决定嫌疑人是否有罪” 仅为庭审环节的细节，非核心主旨；[D]“为帮助警方起诉嫌疑人而设计” 未在原文提及，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查逻辑关系理解，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “in other words” 功能的把握。
- 答案详解：“in other words” 为固定表达，意为 “换句话说”，功能是对前文内容进行同义重述。前文提到 “法院有责任证明嫌疑人有罪，而非嫌疑人证明自己无罪”，后文通过该短语进一步明确这一法律原则，故选 [D]。
[A]“前文的例子”、[B]“关于法院系统的新观点”、[C]“要求庭审的证据” 均不符合该短语的逻辑功能，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析与搭配，是英语知识运用部分的核心考点，聚焦 “表达‘谈及’” 的语义与语法搭配。
- 答案详解：四个选项均有 “说” 的含义，但搭配不同：A. say 后接具体内容，不与 “about” 搭配；B. speak 后接语言或 “about”，但主语通常为人；C. talk 可与 “about” 搭配，主语可为人或物（如本文中 “this passage”）；D. claim 后接 “to do” 或宾语从句，不与 “about” 搭配。语境为 “文章将谈及记忆的分类与测量”，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义与逻辑连贯，是英语知识运用部分的核心考点，聚焦对上下文语义的呼应。
- 答案详解：后文明确提到 “测量一个人记忆量的三种主要方法”，此处与后文 “measure” 形成语义呼应，指 “分类与测量记忆”，故选 [B]。
[A] group（分组）与前文 “classify”（分类）语义重复；[C] class（归类）与 “classify” 同义，重复且不符合语境；[D] identify（识别）与 “记忆的分类与测量” 的核心逻辑不符，故排除。
Gold, silver and jade wares are a general term, referring to ornaments for wearing or artworks for appreciation, which are processed by forging metals such as gold and silver, or cutting and polishing jade. The manufacturing and use of gold and silver wares in China date back over 3,000 years. When the bronze culture of the Shang Dynasty was world-famous, gold wares had already appeared.
- 考点定位：本题考查文化类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“金银玉器” 译为 “gold, silver and jade wares”（固定文化术语），“锻炼” 译为 “forging”（金属加工专用词），“琢磨” 译为 “cutting and polishing”（玉石加工规范表达），符合行业术语规范。
- 句式优化：将中文长句拆分为逻辑连贯的英文分句，用现在分词 “referring to” 解释 “总称” 的内涵，用定语从句 “which are processed by...” 说明加工方式，避免句式堆砌；“闻名于世” 译为 “was world-famous”，简洁自然。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “定义、历史、起源背景” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递中国金银玉器的文化属性与历史渊源。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “海外购物热” 的辩证分析与解决方案阐述能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Shopping Overseas: A Blessing with Rational Guidance
In recent years, overseas shopping has become increasingly prevalent among Chinese people, driven by the improvement of living standards and income. Many choose to purchase products abroad for better quality, more diverse options and relatively favorable prices. However, this craze has aroused local residents' protests in some countries, sparking debates about whether it is a blessing or a disaster. From my perspective, overseas shopping is essentially a blessing but requires rational guidance.
The reasons for the craze are obvious. Firstly, overseas products often have stricter quality controls, meeting consumers' demand for high-quality goods. Secondly, the price advantage caused by tax policies and exchange rates makes some luxury goods and daily necessities more cost-effective abroad. Thirdly, the desire to explore diverse cultures and products also motivates people to shop overseas.
To turn overseas shopping into a win-win situation, suggestions are as follows. For individuals, we should shop rationally, respecting local customs and consumption rules to avoid causing dissatisfaction. For the government, strengthening the supervision of domestic product quality and optimizing tax policies can narrow the gap between domestic and overseas products. For enterprises, improving product quality and innovation can retain more consumers domestically.
In conclusion, overseas shopping reflects the upgrading of Chinese people's consumption demand and is a symbol of national economic development. With rational behavior and effective guidance, it can not only benefit individuals but also promote the progress of domestic industries, becoming a real blessing for both individuals and the country.
- 结构：遵循 “描述现状 — 分析原因 — 提出建议 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 200 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “质量优势、价格差异、文化探索” 等具体原因，搭配 “个人、政府、企业” 三方建议，论据充分，贴合社会现实；
- 语言：使用 “prevalent, cost-effective, consumption upgrading, rational guidance” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国矿业大学（徐州）2015 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨提炼、英语知识运用的搭配与逻辑、翻译的文化术语规范及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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