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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇辨析、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为 2017 年空军工程大学 考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- Advocates of organic foods---a term whose meaning varies greatly---frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
A. proponents B. merchants C. inspectors D. consumers
- There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones...
A. unbelievable B. uncontested C. unpopular D. unverified
The canopy the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.
Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulent environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly. Thus, in the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may fluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.
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The passage answers which of the following questions?
A. How is the rain forest different from other habitats?
B. How does an animal's body size influence an animal's need for food?
C. Why does the rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals?
D. Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest?
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Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?
A. monkeys B. cats C. porcupines D. mice
我二十岁的时候，有书店必逛，有书必买。三十岁之后，对书店视而不见，直接去了隔壁的美容院。
A pair of American Samoan businessmen have complained to the United States transport regulator over their claims that they had to be weighed before joining their flights from Honolulu.
Directions: Read the letter from a mother to a psychotherapist carefully and give an answer to the mother in no less than 150 words. Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriateness.
Help! I Never Want to See My Daughter Again. How Do I Tell Her?
I am the mother of an adult daughter who I don't want to see. I am too stressed by dealing with her extremely difficult personality, which is the result of neurological and mental illnesses. She lives at a fair distance, more than a 10-hour drive, and she does not get to my home state, where she grew up, often. I don't want to tell her that I don't wish to see her again in the near future, due to how much this stresses me... Many people have abandoned her, and I don't want to do this too, but I don't want to see her again, and I think telling her outright is cruel, as is outright lying. What to do?
- 考点定位：本题聚焦名词词义替换，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “支持者” 语义的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
原文中 “Advocates” 意为 “倡导者、支持者”，指支持有机食品的人群。
选项分析：
- [A] proponents：意为 “支持者、拥护者”，与 “Advocates” 语义完全一致；
- [B] merchants：意为 “商人”，侧重经商者，语义不符；
- [C] inspectors：意为 “检查员”，侧重监督检查人员；
- [D] consumers：意为 “消费者”，侧重购买使用者，并非 “支持者”，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义替换，是词汇部分的核心考点，考查对 “未证实的” 语义的把握。
- 答案详解：
原文中 “unsubstantiated” 意为 “未证实的、无事实依据的”，修饰 “reports”（报道）。
选项分析：
- [A] unbelievable：意为 “难以置信的”，侧重主观感受；
- [B] uncontested：意为 “无争议的”，与原文语义相反；
- [C] unpopular：意为 “不受欢迎的”，侧重受欢迎程度；
- [D] unverified：意为 “未证实的、未经核实的”，与 “unsubstantiated” 语义一致，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主旨大意，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对全文核心内容的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
文章开篇指出雨林树冠层以中大型攀爬哺乳动物为主，小型哺乳动物不常见，随后从体温调节、食物竞争、跨越树冠间隙三个角度分析了小型哺乳动物在树冠层的生存劣势，核心解答了 “为何大型动物倾向于主导树冠层”。
- [A]“雨林与其他栖息地的差异”、[B]“体型如何影响动物的食物需求”、[C]“雨林为何为动物提供多样食物” 均未作为核心问题展开，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节查找，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对小型哺乳动物在树冠层分布特征的提取。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally”，即老鼠等小型啮齿动物在树冠层不如在其他栖息地常见。
- [A] 猴子、[B] 猫、[C] 豪猪均属于 “中大型攀爬哺乳动物”，在树冠层较为常见，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉语对比句式翻译，核心考查 “有…… 必……”“视而不见” 等表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心表达：“有书店必逛” 译为 “would visit every bookstore I came across”，“有书必买” 译为 “and buy every book that caught my eye”，用 “would” 体现过去的习惯性动作；“视而不见” 译为 “turned a blind eye to bookstores”，“直接去了” 译为 “and went straight to”；
- 句式调整：保持汉语 “二十岁的时候” 与 “三十岁之后” 的对比结构，译为 “When I was twenty” 与 “After I turned thirty”，逻辑清晰；
- 语义完整：准确传达不同年龄段的行为变化，语言自然流畅。
参考译文：When I was twenty, I would visit every bookstore I came across and buy every book that caught my eye. After I turned thirty, I turned a blind eye to bookstores and went straight to the beauty salon next door.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦英文复合句翻译，核心考查定语从句、宾语从句的处理，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“A pair of American Samoan businessmen” 译为 “两名美属萨摩亚商人”，“complained to” 译为 “向…… 投诉”，“transport regulator” 译为 “交通监管机构”，“had to be weighed” 译为 “被迫称重”；
- 句式拆分：将 “over their claims that...” 引导的宾语从句拆分为独立分句 “称他们从火奴鲁鲁登机前被迫称重”，使中文表达流畅；
- 语义精准：完整传达 “商人投诉监管机构，因登机前被要求称重” 的核心含义。
参考译文：两名美属萨摩亚商人向美国交通监管机构提起投诉，称他们从火奴鲁鲁登机前被迫称重。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦书信回应类写作，核心考查情感共情、问题分析与合理建议的表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Dear Mother,
I can deeply understand your pain and dilemma—caring for a daughter with neurological and mental illnesses brings enormous stress, yet you don’t want to hurt her by abandoning her. Your hesitation shows your deep love, and there’s no need to blame yourself for wanting some peace.
Firstly, honesty with tenderness is better than cruelty or lies. You can express your feelings gently instead of outright rejection. For example, tell her that you’ve been feeling overwhelmed lately and need some time to adjust, and you can keep in touch through calls or messages to let her know you still care. This way, you avoid making her feel abandoned while giving yourself space to relieve stress.
Secondly, consider seeking support for yourself. Talking to a therapist or joining a support group for families of people with similar illnesses can help you cope with stress. Meanwhile, you can also encourage your daughter to continue treatment, which may gradually improve her personality and reduce the pressure of interaction.
Lastly, remember that your well-being matters too. Taking care of yourself doesn’t mean you don’t love her; it’s a way to maintain a healthy relationship in the long run. I believe your daughter, deep down, will understand your difficulties if you communicate with sincerity.
Hope you can find peace and a solution that suits both of you.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “共情理解 — 提出建议（温柔坦诚沟通、寻求自我支持、关注自身福祉）— 鼓励展望” 的逻辑，贴合书信场景；
- 内容：共情母亲的困境，建议具体可行，避免极端选择，兼顾情感与实际；
- 语言：使用 “deeply understand, enormous stress, hesitation, tenderness, overwhelmed, cope with” 等表达，语气真诚委婉，符合沟通场景。
以上仅为 2017 年空军工程大学考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇积累、阅读理解的逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的共情表达与建议合理性，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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