海南大学 2018 年考博公共英语真题（A 卷）答案详解（样本展示）

Part I Vocabulary and Grammar（选取 2 题）

第 1 题

• 题目：I have had a__ opportunity to observe the problems faced by the police in this city.
  A. unique
  B. remarkable
  C. differential
  D. distinctive
• 答案：A
• 详解：
  • 词义辨析：A 项 unique 意为 “独特的、独一无二的”，强调稀缺性和不可复制性；B 项 remarkable 意为 “显著的、值得注意的”，侧重因出色或特殊而引人关注；C 项 differential 意为 “差别的、微分的”，多用于数学或表示差异相关；D 项 distinctive 意为 “有特色的、与众不同的”，强调能体现自身特征。
  • 语境分析：句中表达 “一次____的机会”，结合 “观察城市警察面临的问题”，此处侧重机会的稀缺性，unique 最符合语境，指 “独一无二的机会”。
  • 用法拓展：unique 通常不与 very 连用，可与 a 连用，如 a unique experience（一次独特的经历）。

第 3 题

• 题目：The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw a (n) in female breadwinners.
  A. extra
  B. addition
  C. decrease
  D. increase
• 答案：D
• 详解：
  • 逻辑推理：句中前半句 “全职爸爸数量创历史新高”，后半句以 as 引导原因状语从句，说明家庭中 “女性养家者” 的变化与全职爸爸数量增长的关联。
  • 词义排除：A 项 extra 为形容词 “额外的”，不能作宾语；B 项 addition 意为 “添加、增加物”，不表示数量的增长趋势；C 项 decrease 意为 “减少”，若女性养家者减少，与全职爸爸数量增加的逻辑不符；D 项 increase 意为 “增加”，符合 “女性养家者增多，导致全职爸爸数量上升” 的逻辑关系。
  • 固定搭配：see an increase in... 表示 “在…… 方面出现增长”。

Part II Reading Comprehension（选取 2 题）

Passage 1 第 2 题

• 题目：Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political
  A. entanglement
  B. discussion
  C. negotiation
  D. problem
• 答案：A
• 详解：
  • 原文定位：根据题干关键词 “lost the favor of the king of Portugal”“political”，定位到原文第三段 “he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor”。
  • 词义替换：quagmire 意为 “泥潭、困境”，political intrigue 意为 “政治阴谋、政治纠葛”，选项中 A 项 entanglement 意为 “纠缠、纠葛”，与 political intrigue 语义相近；B 项 discussion 意为 “讨论”，C 项 negotiation 意为 “谈判”，均无 “纠葛、阴谋” 之意；D 项 problem 意为 “问题”，语义宽泛，不精准。
  • 逻辑验证：麦哲伦卷入宫廷政治纠葛，因此失宠，entanglement 准确体现 “卷入复杂且棘手的政治纷争” 的含义，故答案为 A。

Passage 2 第 6 题

• 题目：When the scientists did all this to the brains of the decapitated pigs, the organs removed were still
  A. alive and conscious
  B. dead
  C. conscious
  D. unconscious
• 答案：D
• 详解：
  • 原文定位：根据题干核心信息 “brains of the decapitated pigs”“still”，定位到原文第二段 “the scientists... say the brains are not conscious”。
  • 选项排除：A 项 “alive and conscious” 与原文 “not conscious” 矛盾；B 项 “dead” 与原文 “keep the brains of decapitated pigs alive outside of the body” 不符；C 项 “conscious” 与原文 “not conscious” 直接相反；D 项 “unconscious”（无意识的）与原文 “not conscious” 语义一致，且原文明确说明大脑被维持存活但无意识，故答案为 D。

Part III Translation（选取 1 题）

第 1 题（英译汉）

• 题目：People who stick to five healthy habits in adulthood can add more than a decade to their lives, according to a major study into the impact behavior has on lifespan. Researchers at Harvard University used lifestyle questionnaires and medical records from 123,000 volunteers to understand how much longer people lived if they followed a healthy diet, controlled their weight, took regular exercise, drank in moderation and did not smoke. When the scientists calculated average life expectancy, they noticed a dramatic efiect from the healthy habits. Compared with people who adopted none of them, men and women who adhered to all five saw their life expectancy at 50 rise from 26 to 38 years and 29 to 43 years respectively, or an extra 12 years for men and 14 for women.
• 译文：
  一项关于行为对寿命影响的重大研究表明，成年人若坚持五项健康习惯，寿命可延长十多年。哈佛大学的研究人员通过分析 12.3 万名志愿者的生活方式问卷和医疗记录，探究了遵循健康饮食、控制体重、规律运动、适度饮酒和不吸烟这五项习惯的人群寿命延长情况。当科学家们计算平均预期寿命时，发现这些健康习惯带来了显著效果。与一项健康习惯都不具备的人相比，五项习惯全部坚持的男性和女性，其 50 岁时的预期寿命分别从 26 年提升至 38 年、从 29 年提升至 43 年，也就是说，男性寿命延长了 12 年，女性延长了 14 年。
• 详解：
  • 句式处理：第一句中 “who stick to... in adulthood” 为定语从句，翻译时转化为前置定语 “成年人若坚持……”；“into the impact behavior has on lifespan” 为定语从句，修饰 study，翻译为 “关于行为对寿命影响的”，使句子更通顺。
  • 术语准确：“life expectancy” 译为 “预期寿命”，“drank in moderation” 译为 “适度饮酒”，符合健康领域常用表达。
  • 逻辑连贯：最后一句 “or an extra 12 years for men and 14 for women” 补充说明寿命延长的具体时长，翻译时用 “也就是说” 衔接，使语义更清晰。

Part IV Writing

• 题目：要求围绕海南新一轮房价上涨及全省限购政策，结合海南建设国际自由贸易港的背景，写一篇不少于 200 词的作文，包含观点、论据和结论 / 建议三部分。
• 范文：

  Rational Housing Policies: A Pillar for Hainan's Free Trade Port Construction

  Against the backdrop of celebrating the 30th anniversary of Hainan's establishment as a province and a special economic zone, and with the national plan to build it into an international free trade zone and port, Hainan's real estate market has witnessed another round of price hikes. Faced with this situation, the provincial government's emergency province-wide home-purchase restriction policy is not only necessary but also crucial for Hainan's long-term development.
  Firstly, the housing price surge, driven by speculative demand, deviates from Hainan's economic development reality. Many buyers rush to purchase properties with the belief that prices will keep rising indefinitely, ignoring the fundamental demand from residents and the actual carrying capacity of the market. Such speculative behavior will lead to a bubble in the real estate market, which, if not curbed, may trigger financial risks and hinder the development of other industries. Secondly, Hainan's positioning as an international free trade port requires a sound industrial structure rather than over-reliance on real estate. The home-purchase restriction policy can guide capital to flow into key industries such as tourism, modern services, and high-tech industries, laying a solid foundation for the free trade port's construction. For example, in previous years, some cities overly dependent on real estate suffered from economic stagnation when the market cooled down, which serves as a warning for Hainan.
  In conclusion, Hainan's province-wide home-purchase restriction policy is a timely and necessary measure to regulate the real estate market. To ensure the steady progress of the free trade port construction, the government should not only maintain the intensity of regulatory policies but also improve the supply of affordable housing to meet the legitimate housing needs of residents and talents. Meanwhile, it is essential to strengthen the guidance of public opinion, rationalize people's expectations for housing prices, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of Hainan's economy.
• 详解：
  • 结构契合要求：首段明确观点 —— 限购政策对海南长远发展必要且关键；第二段从 “抑制投机泡沫” 和 “引导产业均衡发展” 两方面提供论据，并结合反面案例增强说服力；尾段总结政策意义，提出 “维持调控力度、增加保障房供给、引导舆论” 等建议，自然收尾。
  • 内容贴合背景：紧密结合海南建设国际自由贸易港的定位，分析房价上涨与政策调控的关联性，不脱离题目设定场景。
  • 语言表达规范：用词准确（如 “speculative demand”“real estate bubble”“industrial structure”），句式多样（包含定语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等），符合考博英语写作的语言要求。