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According to the passage, children would arouse parents' disappointment for ______.
A. admiring their friends' homes
B. talking back to their parents
C. complaining home-made dishes
D. making some spiteful remark
- 正确答案:A
- 解析:本题为细节定位题,需锁定文章首段对 “孩子引发父母不满” 的描述。
原文首句明确提到 “Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture”(父母常因孩子称赞朋友的家而不满,认为这是对自家厨艺、清洁或家具的贬低),核心触发点是 “孩子称赞朋友的家”。
- B 选项 “与父母顶嘴”、C 选项 “抱怨家常菜”、D 选项 “发表恶意评论”,原文均未提及这些行为是父母不满的原因;
- A 选项 “称赞朋友的家”,与 “praise the homes of their friends” 完全对应,是父母不满的直接原因,正确。
What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Children will become more and more mature when growing up.
B. Parents have to change their ways in educating their children.
C. The conflicts between parents and their children are inevitable.
D. Parents have made mistakes in communication with children.
- 正确答案:D
- 解析:本题考查文章主旨,需梳理全文逻辑主线。
文章开篇指出 “父母因孩子称赞朋友的家而不满,甚至指责孩子,导致孩子不愿与父母沟通”;第二段强调 “孩子对父母的失望在一定程度上不可避免,但父母若能理解这是孩子成长的信号,就不会引发对立”;第三、四段进一步说明 “孩子尊重能承认错误的父母,而父母过去的不当应对(如维多利亚时代的专制、现代的极端态度)均影响沟通”。全文核心是 “父母在与孩子沟通中存在错误方式,导致亲子矛盾”。
- A 选项 “孩子成长中会越来越成熟”,仅为第二段提及的细节(孩子形成观察力和判断力),非主旨;
- B 选项 “父母必须改变教育方式”,原文未明确 “必须改变教育方式”,而是强调 “父母应理解孩子成长信号、避免不当应对”,表述过于绝对;
- C 选项 “亲子冲突不可避免”,原文仅提到 “孩子对父母的失望有一定必然性”,而非 “冲突不可避免”,且未围绕 “冲突必然性” 展开;
- D 选项 “父母在与孩子沟通中存在错误”,涵盖 “父母因误解指责孩子、不理解孩子成长信号、不当应对方式” 等全文核心内容,正确。
Many people like white color as it is a ______ of purity.
A. symptom
B. symbol
C. sign
D. signal
- 正确答案:B
- 解析:本题考查名词词义辨析,核心是 “白色是纯洁的______”,需选择体现 “象征意义” 的词汇。
- A 选项 symptom 意为 “症状”,侧重 “疾病的表现”,如 “symptoms of a cold”(感冒症状),与 “颜色和纯洁” 无关;
- B 选项 symbol 意为 “象征”,指 “某事物代表抽象概念”,如 “dove is a symbol of peace”(鸽子是和平的象征),完美契合 “白色象征纯洁” 的语境,为正确答案;
- C 选项 sign 意为 “迹象;标志”,侧重 “能表明某种情况的具体信号”,如 “signs of rain”(下雨的迹象),不用于抽象概念的象征;
- D 选项 signal 意为 “信号”,侧重 “传递信息的指令或信号”,如 “traffic signals”(交通信号),语义不符,排除。
With the price of oil ______, the economy of oil-producing countries is expanding at a high rate.
A. to go up
B. goes up
C. gone up
D. going up
- 正确答案:D
- 解析:本题考查 “with 复合结构” 的用法,“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 中,补足语需用非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式),排除谓语动词形式 B 选项 “goes up”。
- A 选项 to go up(不定式)表示 “即将上升”,侧重 “未发生的动作”;
- C 选项 gone up(过去分词)表示 “已上升”,侧重 “被动或完成”;
- D 选项 going up(现在分词)表示 “正在上升”,侧重 “主动且持续的动作”,符合 “油价持续上涨,产油国经济高速增长” 的语境,强调动作的进行状态,正确。
Phil Barton, chief executive of Keep Britain Tidy, ______ its new Dirty Pig campaign, said it was the first time it had investigated which ______ made up "littered England" and the same names appeared again and again.
A. elevating
B. convening
C. launching
D. projecting
- 正确答案:C
- 解析:本题考查动词与 “campaign(活动)” 的搭配,需选择体现 “发起、启动” 的词汇。
- A 选项 elevating 意为 “提升;抬高”,如 “elevate the status”(提升地位),与 “活动” 无关;
- B 选项 convening 意为 “召集”,侧重 “召集会议或人员”,如 “convene a meeting”(召开会议),不用于 “发起活动”;
- C 选项 launching 意为 “发起;启动”,固定搭配 “launch a campaign”(发起活动),符合 “发起‘脏猪’活动” 的语境,正确;
- D 选项 projecting 意为 “规划;投射”,如 “project a plan”(规划计划),与 “活动启动” 语义不符,排除。
McDonald's, Greggs, KFC and Subway need to do more to ______ littering by their customers.
A. exclude
B. discourage
C. suppress
D. retreat
- 正确答案:B
- 解析:本题考查动词与 “littering(乱扔垃圾)” 的搭配,需选择体现 “阻止、减少” 的词汇。
- A 选项 exclude 意为 “排除;不包括”,如 “exclude sb. from a group”(将某人排除在群体外),无法与 “乱扔垃圾” 搭配;
- B 选项 discourage 意为 “阻止;劝阻”,固定搭配 “discourage sth.”(阻止某事发生),“discourage littering”(阻止乱扔垃圾),符合 “快餐品牌需采取措施减少顾客乱扔垃圾” 的语境,正确;
- C 选项 suppress 意为 “压制;镇压”,侧重 “用武力或权威压制”,如 “suppress a rebellion”(镇压叛乱),语义过重,不用于 “乱扔垃圾”;
- D 选项 retreat 意为 “撤退;退缩”,为不及物动词,需搭配 “from”,且与 “阻止乱扔垃圾” 无关,排除。
Decades of overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction have left marine and coastal ecosystems in decline. Ecosystem health is compromised when waterways are dredged carelessly or excessively, or when coastal development is carried out with little concern for the environment.
Part of the decline of marine and coastal ecosystems is due to negligence or a lack of awareness. Often people do not realize their actions are causing harm because many of these ecosystems are out of sight, out of mind. Other times they may have alternate imperatives, such as food security, and feel they have no options but to use marine and coastal resources unsustainably.
- 参考译文:数十年来的过度捕捞、污染以及栖息地破坏,导致海洋和沿海生态系统持续衰退。当航道被随意或过度疏浚,或沿海开发过程中对环境缺乏关注时,生态系统的健康状况便会受损。
海洋和沿海生态系统衰退的部分原因在于人类的疏忽或环保意识的缺失。通常,人们并未意识到自身行为正在造成危害,因为许多生态系统处于 “眼不见、心不烦” 的状态。在其他情况下,人们可能有其他迫切需求(如粮食安全),因此认为除了不可持续地利用海洋和沿海资源外,别无选择。
- 解析:
- 句式拆分:首句 “Decades of... have left...” 译为 “数十年来的…… 导致……”,符合中文 “原因 + 结果” 的表达习惯;“when” 引导的两个条件句,用 “当…… 时” 连接,保持逻辑清晰。
- 关键词处理:
- “overfishing” 译为 “过度捕捞”(渔业固定术语);
- “habitat destruction” 译为 “栖息地破坏”(生态学术语);
- “out of sight, out of mind” 译为 “眼不见、心不烦”(保留英文习语的简洁性,符合中文表达);
- “alternate imperatives” 译为 “其他迫切需求”(避免直译 “替代必要事项”,贴合 “粮食安全” 的语境);
- “unsustainably” 译为 “不可持续地”(环保领域核心术语,强调资源利用方式的负面影响)。
来自利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英文教授发现,阅读莎士比亚及其他古典作家的作品对心智发展大有裨益。这些作品能够抓住读者的注意力,引发读者的自我反思。研究还发现,阅读书籍,尤其是诗歌,可以增加与 “自传体记忆” 有关的大脑右半球的活动频率,有助于读者根据阅读内容对个人经历进行反思和重新评价。学者们表示,这意味着阅读古典作品比阅读自助类书籍更有帮助。
- 参考译文:Scientists, psychologists, and English professors from the University of Liverpool have found that reading works by Shakespeare and other classical writers is of great benefit to mental development. These works can capture readers' attention and trigger their self-reflection. The study also reveals that reading books, especially poetry, can increase the activity frequency of the right hemisphere of the brain related to "autobiographical memory", helping readers reflect on and reevaluate their personal experiences based on the content they read. Scholars point out that this means reading classical works is more helpful than reading self-help books.
- 解析:
- 句式逻辑:“发现”“还发现”“表示” 引导的三层内容,分别用 “have found that...”“The study also reveals that...”“Scholars point out that...” 连接,体现研究结论的递进关系;“有助于读者……” 译为 “helping readers...”,用现在分词短语作伴随状语,符合英文简洁性要求。
- 关键词处理:
- “心智发展” 译为 “mental development”(心理学常用表达);
- “自传体记忆” 译为 “autobiographical memory”(心理学固定术语);
- “自我反思” 译为 “self-reflection”(对应 “反思” 的核心含义);
- “自助类书籍” 译为 “self-help books”(固定短语,指旨在帮助读者解决个人问题的书籍)。
- 参考范文:
THE CASE AGAINST MAN: A Summary
The article argues that mankind is not an independent entity but part of the Earth’s intricate ecological system, which includes both living organisms and inanimate components (e.g., ocean, atmosphere). Over billions of years, life and the planet have evolved interdependently—life shapes the Earth’s structure, while the Earth sustains life. This balance is similar to a human body, where all parts rely on each other.
However, human population growth has become an "ecological cancer". Since ancient times, the human population has increased explosively: from 150 million in Caesar’s era to 4 billion today, with a doubling time shrinking from 1,000 years to 35 years. Uncontrolled growth disrupts the ecological balance—just as cancer destroys a human body, excessive humans will deplete resources and destroy the ecosystem.
The only solution is to stop population growth. Doing nothing will lead to a catastrophic rise in the death rate; thus, lowering the birthrate is the preferred approach. Failure to act will make humans mass murderers of life, destroying the planetary system that enables life’s existence.
- 解析:
- 结构契合要求:第一段概括 “人类与地球生态系统的 interdependence(相互依存)”;第二段阐述 “人口爆炸的危害(生态癌症)”;第三段提出 “解决方案(控制出生率)”,严格遵循原文逻辑。
- 内容精准:提炼原文核心数据(人口数量、倍增时间)和比喻(生态癌症、人体类比),未遗漏关键信息;篇幅控制在 240 词左右,符合 “不超过 250 词” 的要求。
- 语言规范:使用 “interdependently”“explosively”“deplete” 等精准词汇,句式简洁,符合摘要的客观性与概括性要求。
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