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《1001英语》
20122013201420152016201720182012答案2013答案2014答案2015答案2016答案2017答案2018答案20192021202220232024
《1002日语》
2016
《2007教育基本理论》
2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024
《3007中外教育史》
2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024
《3013课程与教学论(学科)》
20222023
《3012发展与教育》
20222023
《2012认知心理学》
20222023
《2009史学导论》
2022
《3009中国通史》
2022
《2001文学原理》
2012(文学理论)2013201420152016201720182019
《2005中国古代文学》
20122013201420152016201720182019
《2007美学原理》
201320142015201720182019
《3008文艺美学》
2012
《3007中西美学史》
201320142015201720182019
《3003近世代数》
20122013201420152016201720182019
《2006中国现当代文学》
20122015201720182019
《3006中国现当代文论与批评》
2015201720182019
《3001中外文论史》
2013201420152016201720182019
《3005中国古典文献学》
20122013201420152016201720182019
《3004汉语言文字学》
2012
《3004音韵学及方言学》
20142016201720182019
《2004汉语史及其研究》
20142016201720182019
《2003中国语言文学》
2012
《2003泛函分析》
20122013201420152016201720182019
《政治(加试)1001政治理论》
201220132019
《2008比较文学理论》
2019
《3008欧美文学与当代西方文艺理论》
2019
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2022年四川师范大学中外教育史考博真题

2022年四川师范大学中外教育史考博真题

四川师范大学 2015 年考博英语真题(样本展示)

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一、Reading Comprehension(30 分)

Passage 1

1. According to the passage, what may be human being's best choice about its future?

A. leaving the timings to nature B. the saurian-like elimination C. being eliminated by the sun's unavoidable growth to giant hood D. leaving the timing to human being itself
答案:D
详解:
  • 本题考查细节理解题,需锁定原文中作者主张的人类未来最优选择。
  • 原文依据:“To call time on the human race by choice, not necessity, would be the final victory of the human spirit over animal nature, an absolute emancipation from the command of DNA.”(通过选择而非必然结束人类历程,将是人类精神对动物本性的最终胜利,是摆脱 DNA 指令的绝对解放)。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. “让自然决定时间”:原文明确批判此做法会导致 “不光彩的结局”,并非最佳选择;
    • B. “类似爬行动物的灭绝”:是自然导致的悲惨结果,不符合 “最佳选择” 的语义;
    • C. “被太阳膨胀为巨星所毁灭”:是自然不可避免的结局,作者不认可此被动结局;
    • D. “由人类自身决定时间”:与原文 “by choice”(主动选择)完全契合,是作者推崇的最佳选择。
  • 解题关键:抓住作者核心观点 “主动选择结束历程是人类精神的胜利”,排除自然导致的被动结局选项。

Passage 3

13. The italicized phrase "play favorite with" (in paragraph 2) most likely means to ___

A. make secret deals with B. treat differently C. show prejudice against D. cheat
答案:B
详解:
  • 本题考查短语词义猜测题,需结合上下文逻辑推断。
  • 原文依据:“Secrecy around pay is also a great way to allow managers to - consciously or unconsciously - play favorites with their staff.”(薪资保密也让管理者得以有意或无意地对员工偏心),前文提及 “男性偷偷要求加薪并成功,女性则不这样做”,暗示薪资保密导致管理者可差异化对待员工。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. “与…… 做秘密交易”:原文强调 “偏心对待”,而非 “交易”,语义不符;
    • B. “差异化对待”:与 “偏心”“男性加薪成功而女性未尝试” 的语境一致,符合短语含义;
    • C. “对…… 有偏见”:侧重 “负面偏见”,而 “play favorites” 指 “偏爱某些人”,并非单纯的负面偏见;
    • D. “欺骗”:语义与 “偏心对待” 无关,无依据支撑。
  • 解题关键:通过前文 “男女加薪差异” 的例子,推断短语体现 “管理者对员工的差异化对待”。

二、Vocabulary and Structure(10 分)

25. Because we had eaten turkey on Thanksgiving for so many years, we wondered whether some other dish might be an equally tasty ___

A. alternative B. alternation C. altercation D. allusion
答案:A
详解:
  • 本题考查名词词义辨析,需结合 “寻找火鸡的替代菜品” 的语境判断。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. alternative:意为 “替代品;选择项”,符合句意 “多年来感恩节都吃火鸡,我们想知道是否有其他同样美味的替代品”;
    • B. alternation:意为 “交替;更迭”,侧重 “轮流发生”,语义不通;
    • C. altercation:意为 “争吵;争执”,与 “菜品” 无关;
    • D. allusion:意为 “暗示;典故”,语义不符。
  • 解题关键:抓住 “other dish” 与 “turkey” 的替代关系,锁定 “alternative”。

34. Accuracy is ___ to the programming of computer.

A. elemental B. base C. fundamental D. inherent
答案:C
详解:
  • 本题考查形容词词义辨析,需结合 “准确性对计算机编程的重要性” 判断。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. elemental:意为 “基本的;元素的”,侧重 “构成事物的基本要素”,不如 “fundamental” 强调 “核心重要”;
    • B. base:意为 “基础的;低级的”,多含贬义,不适合描述 “准确性” 的重要性;
    • C. fundamental:意为 “根本的;至关重要的”,“be fundamental to” 为固定搭配,意为 “对…… 至关重要”,符合句意 “准确性对计算机编程至关重要”;
    • D. inherent:意为 “内在的;固有的”,侧重 “事物本身自带”,而非 “必需的重要品质”。
  • 解题关键:牢记 “be fundamental to” 的固定搭配,结合 “准确性是编程核心要求” 的逻辑锁定答案。

三、Cloze(10 分)

42. In such a state of things land is ___ and cheap.

A. scarce B. sacred C. abundant D. extractive
答案:C
详解:
  • 本题考查形容词词义辨析,需结合 “国家人口稀少” 的语境判断土地的属性。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. scarce:意为 “稀缺的”,与 “人口稀少”“土地廉价” 的语境矛盾;
    • B. sacred:意为 “神圣的”,与 “廉价” 无逻辑关联;
    • C. abundant:意为 “充足的”,人口稀少时土地通常供应充足,与 “cheap” 并列,符合语境;
    • D. extractive:意为 “提取的;开采的”,不能描述土地的数量属性。
  • 解题关键:抓住 “under-populated(人口稀少)” 的前提,推断土地 “充足”,锁定 “abundant”。

50. democracy becomes the political form, because this is the only state of society in which equality, on which democracy is ___, is realized as a fact.

A. fertilized B. based C. drawn D. guaranteed
答案:B
详解:
  • 本题考查固定搭配,需掌握 “民主与平等的关系” 的正确表达。
  • 选项分析:
    • A. fertilized:意为 “使肥沃;孕育”,“be fertilized on” 无此搭配;
    • B. based:“be based on” 为固定搭配,意为 “以…… 为基础”,符合句意 “民主是以平等为基础的”;
    • C. drawn:“be drawn on” 意为 “被利用”,语义不符;
    • D. guaranteed:“be guaranteed on” 无此搭配,“guaranteed” 多与 “by” 搭配。
  • 解题关键:牢记 “be based on” 的核心搭配,直接锁定答案。

四、Translation(25 分)

Section A:Translate the following passage from English into Chinese

In the case of art appreciation, psychological conditions are required. Oriental art is dedicated not to the eye, but to the mind. It is for internal enjoyment. The ideal way of looking at a painting is not to go to a public gallery or in the midst of a crowd. The ideal way is to be alone with the painting, concentrating one's mind on it, communicating with it until one enters into the rhythmic vitality of the object.

参考译文:

艺术欣赏需要特定的心理状态。东方艺术并非为取悦视觉,而是为启迪心灵,旨在内在的精神享受。欣赏画作的理想方式,并非前往公共画廊或置身人群之中,而是与画作独处,凝神专注,与之交流,直至融入作品内在的韵律与生命力。
详解:
  • 句式调整:
    • 英文 “not to...but to...” 译为 “并非…… 而是……”,准确体现转折关系;
    • “concentrating one's mind on it, communicating with it” 译为 “凝神专注,与之交流”,用并列短语保持中文简洁流畅;
  • 词汇处理:
    • “dedicated to” 译为 “为…… 而作;旨在”,贴合艺术语境;
    • “internal enjoyment” 译为 “内在的精神享受”,补充 “精神” 二字,使语义更完整;
    • “rhythmic vitality” 译为 “韵律与生命力”,准确传达艺术作品的动态美感。

Section B:Translate the following passage from Chinese into English

这部长达 103 分钟的纪录片《穹顶之下》于 2 月 28 日登上中国各大视频网站,它是由前央视记者柴静自费拍摄制作。影片一经发布就迅速引起公众对于空气污染的关注,也鼓励了人们要有行动。

参考译文:

"Under the Dome", a 103-minute documentary, was released on major Chinese video platforms on February 28. Produced and filmed at her own expense by former CCTV journalist Chai Jing, the documentary quickly aroused public concern about air pollution and encouraged people to take action after its release.
详解:
  • 句式调整:
    • 中文长句拆分为两个英文句子,第一句介绍影片发布信息,第二句说明制作背景及影响,逻辑更清晰;
    • “由前央视记者柴静自费拍摄制作” 译为过去分词短语 “Produced and filmed...by...”,作后置定语,符合英文表达习惯;
  • 词汇处理:
    • “登上各大视频网站” 译为 “was released on major Chinese video platforms”,“released” 更贴合 “影片发布” 的固定表达;
    • “自费拍摄制作” 译为 “produced and filmed at her own expense”,准确传达 “自费” 含义;
    • “引起关注” 译为 “aroused public concern about”,“encouraged people to take action” 对应 “鼓励人们要有行动”,简洁有力。

五、Writing(25 分)

Section A(10 分)

写作要求:

Write an email to your supervisor, telling him/her you can't make the appointment tomorrow morning, giving reasons, expressing apology, and asking to delay it to Friday morning. (No more than 100 words, sign as "Tom")

参考范文:

Dear Supervisor, I'm writing to apologize that I can't keep our appointment tomorrow morning to discuss my research plan. I suddenly fell ill with a high fever and need to see a doctor. I feel terribly sorry for any inconvenience caused. Could we reschedule the appointment to Friday morning? Please let me know if it's convenient for you. Best regards, Tom

详解:

  • 格式规范:符合英文邮件格式,包含称呼、正文、结尾敬语及署名,简洁明了;
  • 内容要点:涵盖 “无法赴约、说明原因(突发高烧看医生)、道歉、请求改期至周五上午” 四大核心点,无遗漏;
  • 语言表达:用词礼貌(apologize, feel terribly sorry, convenient),句式简洁,篇幅控制在 80 词左右,符合要求。

Section B(15 分)

写作要求:

Write a composition on "a good study habit I want to recommend to student researchers" (around 200 words), including: 1. The habit to recommend; 2. Reasons for recommendation; 3. Benefits in research life.

参考范文:

A Good Study Habit I Want to Recommend to Student Researchers Among various good study habits, I most recommend "systematic note-taking" to student researchers in my discipline. This habit involves recording key findings, questions, and ideas in a structured way during reading and experiments.
The main reason for recommending it is that research often involves massive information and complex logic. Systematic notes help organize scattered knowledge, making it easier to retrieve and connect ideas. For example, when reading academic papers, noting research methods and limitations can save time when writing literature reviews.
Moreover, this habit brings practical benefits. It enhances critical thinking by prompting researchers to analyze and summarize information actively. It also facilitates collaboration, as clear notes can be shared with team members. In the long run, systematic note-taking lays a solid foundation for research progress and thesis writing, making the whole research process more efficient.

详解:

  • 结构框架:
    • 开篇点题:明确推荐 “系统性记笔记” 的习惯;
    • 中间论证:从 “整合信息、便于检索” 角度说明推荐原因,结合 “阅读论文” 的例子增强说服力;
    • 结尾总结:强调 “提升批判性思维、促进合作、提高研究效率” 的核心益处;
  • 语言表达:
    • 用词准确:使用 “systematic note-taking, structured way, retrieve, literature reviews” 等学术相关表达;
    • 篇幅达标:全文约 190 词,逻辑连贯,符合要求。

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