—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，宁夏大学考博英语涵盖阅读理解、完形填空、词汇语法、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School, Frank Etzi ended his work there disgusted with his students' overwhelming desire for money. "They're taught that profit is all that matters," he says. "Many schools don't even offer ethics (道德规范) courses at all."
Etzi expressed his frustration about the interests of his graduate students. "I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest." He wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these "business-leaders-to-be." "I really feel like I failed them," he says. "If I was a better teacher, maybe I could have reached them."
-
What impressed Frank Etzi most about Harvard MBA students?
A) Their keen interest in business courses.
B) Their intense desire for money.
C) Their tactics for making profits.
D) Their potential to become business leaders.
-
Why did Frank Etzi say "I really feel like I failed them" (Line 4, Para. 2)?
A) He was unable to alert his students to corporate malpractice.
B) He didn't teach his students to see business in new and different ways.
C) He could not get his students to understand the importance of ethics in business.
D) He didn't offer courses that would meet the expectations of the business-leaders-to-be.
-
In China, grandparents and other relatives play ______ roles in raising children.
A) incapable B) indispensable C) insensible D) infinite
-
There is no ______ to the hotel from the main road.
A) access B) avenue C) exposure D) edge
《红楼梦》(A Dream of Red Mansions) 问世二百年以来，通过汉文原文 (original) 和各种译文读过此书的人，不知有多少亿！一切文学作品 (literary works)，特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品，内容异常地丰富，涉及到的社会层面异常地多，简直象是一个宝山。
Directions: Write an article of no less than 300 words to discuss both views and give your own opinion. Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息查找，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对核心印象的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “Frank Etzi ended his work there disgusted with his students' overwhelming desire for money”，“overwhelming desire for money” 与 “intense desire for money” 语义一致，明确伊齐对哈佛 MBA 学生印象最深的是他们对金钱的强烈渴望，故选 [B]。
[A]“对商科课程的浓厚兴趣”、[C]“赚钱策略” 未提及；[D]“成为商业领袖的潜力” 是伊齐对他们的定位，非核心印象，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查语义推断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对人物言论背后原因的准确把握。
- 答案详解：
前文提到伊齐是伦理专家，希望向学生传递 “商业不止有金钱利益，还有道德伦理” 的理念，但学生只关注利润，对伦理毫无兴趣。他认为自己未能让学生理解商业伦理的重要性，因此觉得 “失败了”，故选 [C]。
[A]“未能提醒学生企业不当行为” 未提及；[B]“未教学生以新视角看待商业” 是表面现象，核心是未传递伦理重要性；[D]“未提供符合未来商业领袖期望的课程” 错误，伊齐的问题是学生不接受伦理课程，而非课程不符合期望，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是词汇语法部分的核心考点，聚焦形容词与 “roles” 的语义搭配。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：A) incapable（无能力的）；B) indispensable（不可或缺的）；C) insensible（无感觉的；麻木的）；D) infinite（无限的）。
语境为 “祖父母及其他亲属在养育孩子中扮演不可或缺的角色”，“indispensable roles” 符合语义，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，是词汇语法部分的基础考点，聚焦固定搭配的应用。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：A) access（通道；进入权，固定搭配 “access to” 表 “通往…… 的通道 / 进入…… 的途径”）；B) avenue（大街；方法）；C) exposure（暴露；曝光）；D) edge（边缘；优势）。
语境为 “从主路没有通往酒店的通道”，“no access to the hotel” 符合固定搭配与语义，故选 [A]。
Since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions two hundred years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read it through its original Chinese version and various translations! All literary works, especially great ones like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve numerous social aspects, simply like a treasure mountain.
- 考点定位：本题考查文学类文本汉译英，核心考查语义精准、句式连贯及文化专有名词翻译，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- “问世” 译为 “publication”，比 “appearance” 更贴合书籍出版的语境；“不知有多少亿” 译为 “hundreds of millions of”，体现数量之多；
- “内容异常地丰富，涉及到的社会层面异常地多” 合并译为 “are extremely rich in content and involve numerous social aspects”，避免重复，符合英文表达习惯；
- “简直象是一个宝山” 译为 “simply like a treasure mountain”，保留比喻修辞，简洁形象；
- 文化专有名词 “《红楼梦》” 采用通用译法 “A Dream of Red Mansions”，确保读者认知。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦教育类议论文写作，核心考查对 “孩子成为社会好成员的培养责任归属” 的双向论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Who Should Teach Children to Be Good Social Members?
The question of whether parents or schools should teach children to be good members of society has sparked widespread discussion. In my view, both parents and schools play irreplaceable roles in this process, and their cooperation is essential for children's healthy social development.
Firstly, parents are children's first teachers and have a profound impact on their early socialization. From infancy, children learn basic social norms and moral values by observing their parents' behaviors. For example, parents who are polite to others, abide by public rules, and show kindness to strangers will naturally set a good example for their children. Children imitate these behaviors unconsciously and internalize them as their own values. Moreover, the family is the first social environment for children, where they learn to communicate, share, and respect others. Parents' guidance and correction can help children distinguish right from wrong and develop good social habits from an early age.
Secondly, schools are formal educational institutions that provide systematic social education for children. Unlike families, schools offer a diverse social environment where children interact with peers and teachers from different backgrounds. Through group activities, team projects, and moral education courses, schools teach children important social skills such as cooperation, compromise, and responsibility. Teachers, as professional educators, can guide children to understand social rules, respect diversity, and develop a sense of social responsibility. For instance, schools often organize volunteer activities that allow children to experience helping others and contributing to society, which helps them develop a sense of citizenship.
However, neither parents nor schools can take sole responsibility for children's social education. Parents need to maintain consistent educational concepts with schools and cooperate closely with teachers. Schools should also communicate regularly with parents to understand children's performance at home and adjust educational methods accordingly. Only through the joint efforts of families and schools can children truly grow into responsible, respectful, and caring members of society.
In conclusion, parents lay the foundation for children's social development, while schools provide systematic guidance and practice. Their cooperation is crucial to helping children develop the necessary qualities to be good social members. Therefore, both families and schools should attach great importance to this responsibility and work together to create a positive educational environment for children.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “引出话题 — 分述父母与学校的作用 — 强调合作重要性 — 总结观点” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点全面；
- 内容：从家庭 “早期示范与基础培养” 和学校 “系统教育与实践” 两个维度展开，结合具体例子，论据充分，符合 300 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “irreplaceable, socialization, internalize, systematic, citizenship” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为宁夏大学 2018 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节定位与语义推断、词汇语法的搭配应用、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的逻辑构建与论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
宁夏大学考博真题是宁夏大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考宁夏大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。宁夏大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
