—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇辨析、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为 2017 年江苏大学考博英语（A 卷）真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- The evil manners would be eradicated root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.
A. exterminated B. exemplified C. rendered D. harbored
- The young woman was so beautiful that she ______ every other woman at the ball.
A. belittled B. foiled C. offset D. eclipsed
Cell phone use has exploded in many countries, easing communication between individuals but causing social uneasiness as well. In the industrialized West, cell phone use has leapfrogged over conventional phone networks that relied on cumbersome telephone lines and expensive underground wiring. In Asian countries, especially poorer ones like Cambodia, such high infrastructure costs are being avoided by simply moving to wireless communication.
However, even in the most modern countries, cell phone use has proved somewhat of a novelty, one that has required a redefinition of social conventions. The ability to always be connected with another person, no matter where one travels, has led to a friction of personal space and different perceptions on the value of communication.
-
The word "leapfrogged" in the first paragraph most probably means that ______
A. cell phone technology is rapidly becoming out of date
B. cell phone users communicate by jumping over normal phone lines
C. cell phone use is expanding at a rapid rate
D. cell phone use has replaced and surpassed traditional phone use
-
In Paragraph 3, what is the author's position in regard to cell phone use restriction? ______
A. A neutral stance.
B. Firm support for restriction.
C. Opposition to any restriction.
D. Ambiguity.
Markets in stocks and commodities form a vital part of the American economic system. Millions of individuals buy and sell small lots of stocks and commodities while mutual funds and trusts trade in large lots.
中国深化改革，促进应用型科研机构转制为企业，鼓励技术型企业的发展。这是一项使科技与经济相结合的重要举措。
Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the topic of "How do I measure 'successful career?'". You should state clearly your main argument, support it with appropriate details, and bring it to a natural conclusion.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义替换，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “彻底根除” 语义的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
原文中 “eradicated root and branch” 意为 “彻底根除”，强调从根本上消除不良风气。
选项分析：
- [A] exterminated：意为 “彻底消灭、根除”，与 “eradicated” 语义完全一致，契合语境；
- [B] exemplified：意为 “举例说明”，语义无关；
- [C] rendered：意为 “使成为、提供”，无 “根除” 含义；
- [D] harbored：意为 “庇护、怀有”，与原文语义相反，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，考查对 “使黯然失色” 语境的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “这位年轻女性如此美丽，在舞会上使其他所有女性都黯然失色”，需选择 “超越、使相形见绌” 含义的词汇。
选项分析：
- [A] belittled：意为 “轻视、贬低”，侧重主观贬低，非客观上的对比；
- [B] foiled：意为 “挫败、阻止”，语义不符；
- [C] offset：意为 “抵消、弥补”，无 “比…… 出众” 含义；
- [D] eclipsed：意为 “使黯然失色、超越”，侧重因自身优势让他人显得逊色，契合语境，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦词义猜测，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对语境中熟词生义的推断能力。
- 答案详解：
原文提到西方工业化国家中，手机使用 “leapfrogged over conventional phone networks”，后文对比亚洲贫困国家直接采用无线通信避免传统电话网络的高额成本，说明手机使用跳过了传统电话阶段，实现了替代与超越。
- [A]“手机技术快速过时” 与原文 “手机使用爆发式增长” 矛盾；[B]“用户跳过正常电话线通信” 是字面曲解；[C]“手机使用快速扩张” 仅体现数量增长，未体现与传统电话的替代关系，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦作者态度，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对全文观点倾向的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
作者既提到手机使用带来的便利（easing communication），也指出其引发的社会不适（social uneasiness）；既呈现 “市场力量调节” 的观点，也提及 “政府干预” 的主张，未明确表达支持或反对限制，保持中立态度。
- [B]“坚决支持限制”、[C]“反对任何限制” 均过于绝对；[D]“态度模糊” 不准确，作者清晰呈现了不同视角，并非模糊不清，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦经济类文本翻译，核心考查 “stocks and commodities”“mutual funds and trusts” 等专业术语，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心术语：“Markets in stocks and commodities” 译为 “股票和大宗商品市场”，“vital part” 译为 “重要组成部分”，“small lots” 译为 “小额”，“mutual funds and trusts” 译为 “共同基金和信托基金”，“large lots” 译为 “大额”；
- 句式调整：将 while 引导的对比状语从句译为 “而”，使中文表达流畅，准确传达个人与机构交易规模的差异；
- 语义完整：保留原文 “构成美国经济系统重要部分” 的核心含义，术语翻译规范。
参考译文：股票和大宗商品市场是美国经济系统的重要组成部分。数百万个人进行小额股票和大宗商品的买卖，而共同基金和信托基金则从事大额交易。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦政策类文本翻译，核心考查 “深化改革”“转制为企业” 等固定表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 固定表达：“深化改革” 译为 “deepens reform”，“应用型科研机构” 译为 “applied scientific research institutions”，“转制为企业” 译为 “transform into enterprises”，“技术型企业” 译为 “technology-based enterprises”，“科技与经济相结合” 译为 “integrate science and technology with economy”；
- 句式调整：将中文两个短句整合为英文复合句，用 “This” 指代前文内容，使逻辑连贯；
- 语义精准：“重要举措” 译为 “important measure”，准确传达政策意义。
参考译文：China deepens reform, promotes the transformation of applied scientific research institutions into enterprises, and encourages the development of technology-based enterprises. This is an important measure to integrate science and technology with economy.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦观点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “成功职业” 的个人见解与论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
How Do I Measure "Successful Career?"
In my view, a successful career is not measured by fame or wealth alone, but by three core standards: personal growth, contribution to others, and work-life balance. These elements together define a fulfilling and sustainable professional life.
Firstly, personal growth is the foundation of a successful career. A meaningful career allows one to continuously learn new skills, expand horizons, and achieve self-actualization. For example, a researcher who persists in exploring unknown fields and makes breakthroughs experiences growth that goes beyond material rewards. Secondly, contributing to others and society adds value to one’s career. Whether it is a teacher inspiring students, a doctor saving lives, or an engineer developing practical technologies, the positive impact on others makes the career meaningful. Finally, work-life balance is essential for long-term success. Burning out from overwork cannot be called a success; a successful career should allow time for family, hobbies, and physical and mental health.
In conclusion, a successful career is a comprehensive achievement. It requires personal progress, altruistic contributions, and a balanced life. Only by meeting these standards can one truly say they have a successful career.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点（三大衡量标准）— 分点论证（个人成长、社会贡献、工作生活平衡）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰；
- 内容：论据具体，结合不同职业场景，贴合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “self-actualization, breakthroughs, altruistic, sustainable” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、让步状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为 2017 年江苏大学博士研究生入学考试英语（A 卷）真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇积累、阅读理解的逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的结构优化与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
江苏大学考博真题是江苏大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考江苏大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。江苏大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
