考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中央美术学院 2010 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、词汇语法、完形填空、翻译、写作五大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与日常话题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
Believe it or not, optical illusion can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan's success.
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The passage mainly discusses ______.
A) a new way of highway speed control
B) a new pattern for painting highways
C) a new approach to training drivers
D) a new type of optical illusion
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The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ______.
A) can keep drivers awake
B) can cut road accidents in half
C) will have a longer effect on drivers
D) will look more attractive
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Last week I ______ an old friend of mine in the shopping mall.
A) ran off B) ran away with C) ran into D) ran over
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His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it whatsoever.
A) meaning B) sense C) message D) explanation
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life - the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
Directions: Write a short essay of around 200 words on "Individual Travel or Package Tour?" with the following topic sentences:
- Some people prefer individual travel.
- Others like package tours.
- My choice.
- 考点定位：本题考查主旨归纳，核心聚焦 “文章核心话题”，是阅读理解的基础考点。
- 答案详解：文章开篇点明 “视觉错觉可减少公路事故”，随后以日本 “人字形条纹” 为例，说明其通过让司机产生 “车速更快” 的错觉来减速，美国也计划借鉴该方法，核心围绕 “利用视觉错觉控制车速” 这一新方式展开，故选 [A]。
[B]“新的公路涂装图案” 仅为表面细节；[C]“新的司机培训方法” 未提及；[D]“新的视觉错觉类型” 偏离主题，文章侧重错觉的应用而非类型，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，核心聚焦 “两种道路涂装的效果对比”，是阅读理解的核心考点。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “直线水平条纹最初能让车速减半，但几个月后司机习惯后车速会恢复”，而 “人字形条纹不仅让司机觉得车速更快，还会让车道显得更窄，从而带来更持久的车速降低和事故减少效果”，即人字形条纹的优势是效果更持久，故选 [C]。
[A]“让司机保持清醒”、[D]“更具吸引力” 未提及；[B]“减少一半事故” 是直线条纹的初期效果，非人字形条纹的优势，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词短语辨析，核心聚焦 “偶遇某人” 的语义表达，是词汇部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A) ran off（逃跑、私奔）；B) ran away with（偷走、与…… 私奔）；C) ran into（偶遇、撞上）；D) ran over（碾过、复习）。语境为 “在商场偶遇老朋友”，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查固定搭配，核心聚焦 “理解某物” 的语义表达，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：“make sense of” 为固定搭配，意为 “理解、弄明白”，语境为 “他的信太晦涩，我几乎无法理解”，故选 [B]。
[A] meaning（意义）、[C] message（信息）、[D] explanation（解释）均无法与 “make” 构成符合语境的固定搭配，故排除。
工作所带来的幸福与满足，远比我们大多数人意识到的要多。我们都习惯认为，工作提供了生活所需的物质条件 —— 正是这些商品和服务造就了我们现代文明的可能。但我们却很少意识到，工作还能带来更无形但更关键的心理健康，而这正是让人生充实与否的决定性因素。
- 考点定位：本题考查议论文类文本英译汉，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“intangible psychological well-being” 译为 “无形的心理健康”，“make the difference between...and...” 译为 “是…… 与否的决定性因素”，符合文本表达；
- 句式优化：拆分英文长句，将 “that make possible our modern civilization” 译为 “造就了我们现代文明的可能”，调整语序符合中文表达习惯；将 “the extent to which...” 译为 “…… 的程度”，用逗号分隔长定语，逻辑更清晰；
- 语义完整：完整保留 “工作的物质价值 — 心理价值 — 对人生的影响” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦日常话题类议论文写作，核心考查对 “自助旅游与跟团旅游” 的对比分析及个人选择表达，是考博英语写作的常见考点。
- 答案详解：
Individual Travel or Package Tour?
Some people prefer individual travel. They value the freedom and flexibility it brings. Individual travelers can set their own schedules, choose destinations based on personal interests, and change plans freely along the way. For example, if they fall in love with a small town, they can extend their stay without being restricted by group arrangements. Moreover, individual travel allows them to have deeper interactions with local culture and people, making the journey more authentic and memorable.
Others like package tours. For them, package tours offer convenience and peace of mind. Travel agencies take care of all arrangements, including transportation, accommodation, and tickets, which saves travelers a lot of time and energy in planning. Additionally, package tours are often more cost-effective, as agencies can get group discounts. For those who are not good at planning or prefer a relaxed journey, package tours are an ideal choice.
My choice is individual travel. While package tours are convenient, I cherish the freedom of individual travel more. I enjoy researching destinations in advance, making my own itinerary, and exploring unexpected surprises during the trip. For instance, during a trip to Guilin, I changed my plan to visit a remote village, where I experienced authentic local customs that group tours rarely cover. Although individual travel requires more planning, the unique experiences and sense of achievement it brings are well worth the effort.
- 结构：严格遵循题目给出的三个主题句，分三段展开，层次清晰，符合 200 词要求；
- 内容：每段均结合具体例子（如 “小镇停留”“桂林之旅”）支撑观点，论据充分，贴合主题；
- 语言：使用 “flexibility, restricted, authentic, cost-effective, itinerary” 等精准词汇，句式规范流畅，符合议论文表达要求。
以上仅为中央美术学院 2010 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨归纳、词汇的固定搭配、翻译的句式优化及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
