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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为湖南农业大学 2014 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- The Copperhead is a venomous serpent, found as far north as the Blue Hills in Massachusetts, and ______ bite has proved dangerous to hikers and joggers.
A. who B. whom C. its D. whose
- Sometimes these are clearly stated but more often than not they are ______ in attitudes and actions.
A. implicit B. hidden C. existent D. covered
The two-month-old baby has hardly roused himself from the long night of his first weeks in this world when he is confronted with some of the difficult problems of the race. We invite him to study the nature of reality, to differentiate self and non-self, and to establish useful criteria in each of these categories.
A similar project in academic research would require extensive laboratory equipment and personnel; to be fair about it, it has taken just that to reconstruct the experiments of the infant. And there are few grown and qualified scientists who can equal the infant for zeal and energy in sorting out the raw data in this project. His equipment is limited to his sensory organs, his hands, his mouth, and a primitive memory apparatus.
At two months, as we have seen, he recognizes an object that we know to be a human face and we know to be an object outside himself. But to the baby this is just an image, an image incidentally that he can't differentiate from the mental image, the picture in memory. But this face is one piece in the jigsaw puzzle -- a key piece, we think. Then gradually in the weeks to come the association of breast or bottle, of hands, voice, a multitude of pleasurable sense experiences begin to cluster around this face and to form the crude image of a person.
-
According to the author, "some of the difficult problems of the race" (Para. 1) refers to ______
A. understanding what is imaginary
B. being able to make distinctions
C. understanding that dreams are not real
D. finding the exact position of oneself
-
The author compares a baby with a scientist (Para. 2) in order to make the point that ______
A. infants are tireless in their efforts to understand their environments
B. infants use a form of the scientific method
C. scientific experimentation is time consuming
D. many scientific studies have been done on how infants learn
In the delivery of a high standard of medical care, the safety of the patient is paramount. It seems that medical blunders are emerging almost on a daily basis. But we need to keep a sense of perspective.
剽窃包括但不限于以下形式：为了完成学业所需要的论文，全部或部分抄袭他人的文章，不提原作者的名字；不经消化，也不顾是否符合自己的语言和风格，生搬硬套引用他人著作中的思想，同样是不提出处。
Directions: As more and more people are now reading e-books (electronic books), the traditional library of printed books seems to be falling out of use. Write an essay in about 200 words entitled "Do we still need a library of printed books?" Take either a YES or a NO position, and make good arguments.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词性物主代词的用法，是语法部分的基础考点，考查对句子成分及代词指代的判断。
- 答案详解：
句子主干为 “The Copperhead is a venomous serpent and ______ bite has proved dangerous”，空格后为名词 “bite”，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，指代 “蝮蛇的”。
选项分析：
- [A] who、[B] whom 均为关系代词，用于指代人，此处指代蛇，不符合；
- [C] its 为形容词性物主代词，“它的”，符合 “蝮蛇的叮咬” 语义；
- [D] whose 虽可作定语，但多用于定语从句中，此处无从句语境，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “明确表述” 与 “隐含表达” 的语义对比把握。
- 答案详解：
由 “but” 转折可知，空格处语义与 “clearly stated（明确表述）” 相反，指 “隐含的、未明确说出的”。
选项分析：
- [A] implicit：意为 “含蓄的、隐含的”，侧重未直接表达但可推断，符合 “态度和行动中隐含的” 语境；
- [B] hidden：意为 “隐藏的”，侧重刻意隐瞒；
- [C] existent：意为 “存在的”，无 “隐含” 含义；
- [D] covered：意为 “被覆盖的”，语义不符，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对抽象表述的具体含义推断。
- 答案详解：
原文第一段明确提到 “we invite him to study the nature of reality, to differentiate self and non-self, and to establish useful criteria in each of these categories”，即婴儿面临的难题是 “研究现实本质、区分自我与非自我、建立分类标准”，核心是 “做出区分”。
- [A]“理解想象的事物”、[C]“明白梦不是真实的”、[D]“找到自己的确切位置” 均未提及，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦写作手法，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对类比论证目的的把握。
- 答案详解：
原文第二段指出 “few grown and qualified scientists who can equal the infant for zeal and energy in sorting out the raw data”，即很少有科学家能比得上婴儿整理原始数据时的热情和精力，类比的核心是婴儿探索环境的不懈努力。
- [B]“婴儿使用某种科学方法”、[C]“科学实验耗时”、[D]“关于婴儿如何学习有很多研究” 均非类比的目的，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦简单句与并列句翻译，核心考查 “paramount”“medical blunders”“keep a sense of perspective” 等短语，是翻译部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“delivery of medical care” 译为 “提供医疗服务”，“paramount” 译为 “至关重要的”，“medical blunders” 译为 “医疗事故”，“keep a sense of perspective” 译为 “保持客观理性的视角”；
- 句式调整：“It seems that...” 译为 “似乎……”，保持中文表达习惯；
- 语义连贯：补充 “然而” 体现转折逻辑，使译文流畅自然。
参考译文：在提供高标准医疗服务的过程中，患者的安全至关重要。医疗事故似乎几乎每天都在发生。然而，我们需要保持客观理性的视角。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦长句拆分与语义精准翻译，核心考查 “剽窃”“抄袭”“生搬硬套” 等核心词汇，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心术语：“剽窃” 译为 “plagiarism”，“抄袭” 译为 “copy”，“生搬硬套引用” 译为 “indiscriminately and mechanically cite”，“不提出处” 译为 “without mentioning the source”；
- 句式拆分：将中文长句拆分为两个英文分句，用分号连接，符合英文表达习惯；
- 语义完整：“完成学业所需要的论文” 译为 “the essays required for academic studies”，“不经消化” 译为 “without digestion”，“符合自己的语言和风格” 译为 “fit one's own language and style”。
参考译文：Plagiarism includes but is not limited to the following forms: copying others' essays in whole or in part for the essays required for academic studies without mentioning the original authors' names; indiscriminately and mechanically citing ideas from others' works without digestion or considering whether they fit one's own language and style, also without mentioning the source.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦观点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “纸质书图书馆是否仍有必要” 的论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Do We Still Need a Library of Printed Books?
With the widespread popularity of e-books, some people argue that traditional printed book libraries are no longer necessary. However, I firmly hold that printed book libraries still play an irreplaceable role and we need them badly.
Firstly, printed books offer a better reading experience. Unlike e-books that rely on electronic devices and may cause eye strain, printed books can be read anytime and anywhere without device restrictions, especially for the elderly and students who prefer a quiet reading atmosphere. Secondly, libraries of printed books are important cultural spaces. They collect rare books, local documents and classic works that are difficult to preserve in electronic form, serving as repositories of human civilization. Moreover, libraries provide a platform for social interaction, such as book clubs and reading workshops, which e-books cannot replicate. Finally, printed books have higher credibility. Academic works and important documents in libraries are strictly reviewed, ensuring the accuracy and authority of information.
In conclusion, printed book libraries are not outdated. They combine reading, culture and social interaction, bringing unique value to people. We should cherish and maintain them while embracing e-books, creating a diverse reading environment.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点 — 分点论证 — 总结升华” 的三段式结构，论点明确，逻辑清晰；
- 内容：从阅读体验、文化价值、信息可信度三个维度论证，论据贴合主题，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “irreplaceable, repository, replicate, credibility” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为湖南农业大学 2014 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的夯实、阅读理解的逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的结构优化与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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