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A lot of children have been deprived of a normal home life.
A) ensured B) stripped C) accused D) inquired
- 词汇同义替换辨析：
- 题干中 “deprived of” 意为 “被剥夺；丧失”，核心是 “被迫失去原本应有的东西”。
- A. ensured：意为 “确保；保证”，如 “ensure safety”（确保安全），与 “剥夺” 语义完全相反，排除；
- B. stripped：常用搭配 “stripped of”，意为 “剥夺；夺走”，与 “deprived of” 语义完全对等，如 “stripped of rights”（被剥夺权利），符合 “孩子被剥夺正常家庭生活” 的语境，正确；
- C. accused：意为 “指控；控告”，搭配 “accused of”（被指控），与 “剥夺” 无关，排除；
- D. inquired：意为 “询问；打听”，搭配 “inquired about”（询问某事），语义不符，排除。
- 拓展提示：“deprived of” 的常见近义词还有 “robbed of”“bereaved of”，均强调 “被动失去”，可结合语境替换使用。
Galileo abstained from discussing the force that causes acceleration when an object falls towards the earth.
A. evolved from B. protected from C. refrained from D. derived from
- 词汇同义替换辨析：
- 题干中 “abstained from” 意为 “克制；避免”，侧重 “主动抑制自己做某事”。
- A. evolved from：意为 “由…… 进化而来”，如 “Humans evolved from apes”（人类由猿类进化而来），语义无关，排除；
- B. protected from：意为 “保护…… 免受……”，如 “protected from danger”（保护免受危险），与 “克制” 无关，排除；
- C. refrained from：意为 “克制；避免”，与 “abstained from” 语义完全一致，且搭配相同（后接动名词），如 “refrained from smoking”（克制不抽烟），符合 “伽利略避免讨论相关力” 的语境，正确；
- D. derived from：意为 “源自；来源于”，如 “Derived from Latin”（源自拉丁语），语义不符，排除。
A characteristic of the information age is that ______.
A) the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force
B) manufacturing industries are steadily increasing
C) people find it harder to earn a living by working in factories
D) most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry
- 定位原文：第一段 “Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise.”
- 选项分析：
- A. 原文提到 “More women are in the work force than ever before”，但未说 “服务业越来越依赖女性劳动力”，属于过度推断，排除；
- B. 原文明确 “earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically”（制造业就业占比大幅下降），与 “稳步增长” 相悖，排除；
- C. 原文未提及 “在工厂谋生更难”，仅说制造业就业占比下降，排除；
- D. “大多数就业机会在服务业” 与原文 “the majority of jobs... are in the service industry” 完全一致，正确。
- 解题关键：抓住 “the majority of jobs” 与选项 “most of the job opportunities” 的同义替换，锁定核心信息。
According to paragraph 2, why was the environmental protection movement so very successful?
A. It protected plants and animals people cared about.
B. It functioned well at the local level.
C. It voted unsympathetic politicians out of office.
D. It forced ratification of important national laws.
- 定位原文：第二段 “It is generally accepted that the environmental protection movement was so successful because of its grassroots support, groups of activists in hundreds of towns that took the initiative in cleaning up their own communities.”
- 选项分析：
- A. 原文提到 “保护濒危物种”，但这是运动的目标而非成功原因，排除；
- B. “在地方层面运作良好” 与 “grassroots support（基层支持）”“activists in hundreds of towns” 直接对应，“grassroots” 即 “基层、地方”，正确；
- C. 原文未提及 “投票罢免不支持的政客”，无中生有，排除；
- D. “推动国家法律通过” 是运动成功后的结果，而非原因，原文明确原因是 “基层支持”，排除。
- 解题关键：区分 “原因” 与 “结果”，避免将运动的后续成果误判为成功原因。
They can try to ______ out more about where their families came from and what they ______.
A) lay B) make C) put D) find
- 固定搭配及语义逻辑：
- 空格后 “out” 提示需选择与 “out” 构成固定短语、且符合 “了解家族起源” 语境的动词。
- A. lay out：意为 “布置；展示”，如 “lay out a plan”（制定计划），与 “了解信息” 无关，排除；
- B. make out：意为 “辨认；理解”，如 “make out a signature”（辨认签名），不用于 “了解家族背景”，排除；
- C. put out：意为 “扑灭；发布”，如 “put out a fire”（灭火），语义不符，排除；
- D. find out：意为 “查明；了解”，固定搭配，符合 “查明家族起源和过往经历” 的语境，正确。
A more complex one may only get in your ______.
A) track B) path C) road D) way
- 固定搭配辨析：
- 题干核心是 “复杂的系统会阻碍研究”，需选择与 “get in” 构成 “阻碍；妨碍” 含义的名词。
- A. track：常用搭配 “get on track”（走上正轨），无 “阻碍” 含义，排除；
- B. path：常用搭配 “cross one's path”（偶遇），不与 “get in” 搭配，排除；
- C. road：常用搭配 “on the road”（在路上），无 “阻碍” 含义，排除；
- D. way：固定搭配 “get in one's way”，意为 “阻碍某人；挡道”，符合 “复杂系统会妨碍研究” 的语义，正确。
- 语法总结：“get in one's way” 是固定表达，侧重 “干扰某人的行动或计划”，是考博英语完形填空中的高频搭配。
爱灯不仅是为了驱除黑暗，不只是由于光的照明作用，还在于观看灯下的缤纷人生。
Loving lamps is not only to drive away darkness or merely for the lighting function of light, but also to watch the colorful life under the lamps.
- 句式结构优化：
- 原文为递进关系的并列句，译文用 “not only...but also...” 结构精准传递逻辑，“不只是由于” 译为 “or merely for”，避免重复 “not only”，使句式更简洁；
- “驱除黑暗” 译为 “drive away darkness”，“缤纷人生” 译为 “colorful life”，贴合原文意境，无语义遗漏。
- 词汇精准：
- “照明作用” 译为 “lighting function”，“function” 比 “role” 更侧重 “物品的功能属性”，符合 “灯的照明用途” 的语境。
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.
要想真正快乐且真正安全，一个人至少应该拥有两三个爱好，而且这些爱好必须是真正发自内心的。
- 语义深度还原：
- “really happy and really safe” 译为 “真正快乐且真正安全”，保留 “really” 的强调语气，避免简单译为 “快乐安全”；
- “they must all be real” 此处 “real” 并非 “真实的”，结合上下文指 “发自内心的、真正热爱的”，而非表面应付的爱好，故译为 “真正发自内心的”，更贴合原文主旨。
- 句式流畅：
- 译文调整语序为 “要想……，一个人应该……”，符合中文表达习惯，避免直译 “为了变得……，一个人应该……” 的生硬感。
- 开篇点题：明确观点 —— 危机本质是 “危险与机遇并存”，关键在于人们的应对态度与行动，而非危机本身，呼应题干中两种不同态度的争议。
- 核心论点展开：
- 论点一：危机带来的客观威胁不可忽视。危机往往伴随不确定性，可能导致损失、挫折甚至失败，如企业面临市场突变可能陷入经营困境，个人遭遇意外可能打乱人生规划，这是危机的 “危险” 本质。
- 论点二：危机中蕴含的机遇值得把握。危机能倒逼变革与成长，例如疫情虽冲击全球经济，却催生了在线教育、远程办公等新行业；个人在困境中能积累经验、磨练意志，实现自我突破，这是危机的 “机遇” 所在。
- 论点三：应对态度决定危机的最终走向。消极逃避会放大威胁，让危机演变为灾难；积极面对则能转化机遇，如华为在外部技术封锁的危机中，自主研发芯片实现技术独立，证明主动应对能化险为夷。
- 结尾总结：危机是人生与社会发展的常态，既不必恐惧其威胁，也不能忽视其风险。唯有以理性态度正视危机，以积极行动破解困境，才能将危机转化为成长的阶梯，在挑战中实现更高层次的发展。
Crises: Opportunities Hidden in Threats
In an increasingly complex society, crises have become an inevitable part of life. Some people regard crises as insurmountable threats, while others see them as valuable opportunities. From my perspective, crises are neither pure threats nor absolute opportunities; they are a combination of both, and their final impact depends entirely on how we respond to them.
On one hand, crises do bring tangible threats and challenges. They often disrupt the existing order, cause unexpected losses, and push people into difficult situations. For enterprises, an economic crisis may lead to declining profits or even bankruptcy; for individuals, a sudden illness or career setback may shatter their original life plans. These are the inherent risks of crises that cannot be ignored. However, on the other hand, crises also contain enormous potential opportunities. Crises force people to break away from outdated models and think innovatively. For example, the global pandemic in recent years dealt a heavy blow to traditional industries, but it also boosted the rapid development of online education, telecommuting, and the medical equipment industry. For individuals, overcoming a crisis can cultivate resilience, accumulate experience, and lay a solid foundation for future growth.
The key to turning crises into opportunities lies in a positive attitude and effective actions. Those who shrink back in the face of crises will only be overwhelmed by threats; while those who face them bravely can find breakthroughs. Take Huawei as an example: when encountering external technical blockades, the company did not give up, but increased investment in independent research and development, eventually achieving technological independence in chips and other core areas. This fully proves that crises can be transformed into driving forces for progress with the right response.
In conclusion, crises are double-edged swords. They bring threats, but also contain opportunities for transformation and growth. In the face of various crises in life, we should not be passive or fearful. Instead, we should maintain a rational mindset, actively seek solutions, and turn the challenges brought by crises into stepping stones for self-improvement and development.
- 主题契合：紧扣 “危机是机遇还是威胁” 的核心争议，明确 “态度决定结果” 的观点，无偏离；
- 论证充分：通过 “企业、个人、华为案例” 三个维度展开，既有普遍情况分析，又有具体实例支撑，逻辑严谨；
- 语言规范：使用 “insurmountable”“resilience”“double-edged swords” 等学术性词汇，句式多样（含让步状语从句、定语从句），符合考博英语写作的正式性要求，字数约 320 词，满足题干 “不少于 300 词” 的限制。
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