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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，燕山大学 2012 年考博英语涵盖词汇语法、阅读理解、翻译、写作四大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与社会热点思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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Two lines can form an infinite number of ______.
A. ankles B. angles C. angels D. adults
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Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ______ it comes to classroom tests.
A. when B. since C. before D. after
Do women tend to devalue the worth of their work? Do they apply different standards to rewarding their own work more critically than they do to rewarding the work of others? These were the questions asked by Michigan State University psychologists Lawrence Messe and Charlene Callahan-Levy. Past experiments had shown that when women were asked to decide how much to pay themselves and other people for the same job, they paid themselves less. Following up on this finding, Messe and Callahan-Levy designed experiments to test several popular explanations of why women tend to shortchange themselves in pay situations.
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The experiment designed in the passage would be most relevant to the formulation of a theory concerning the ______.
A. generally lower salaries received by women workers in comparison to men
B. reluctance of some women to enter professions that are traditionally dominated by men
C. anxiety expressed by some women workers in dealing with male supervisors
D. prejudices often suffered by women in attempting to enter the workforce
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It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A. it is not always reliable to measure women's ability by how much they earn
B. women would rather attach importance to sacrifices than ask for repayment for their work
C. women tend to assess their ability of work by their own self-worth rather than monetary values
D. women generally remain indifferent to how much money they should obtain from their work
In many of the countries struggling to find enough water for their populations it is the government that is to blame not geography, according to a report out this week. Several recent UN studies show that lack of water is holding back food production and economic development in more and more regions around the world.
Directions: Write an essay of at least 150 words entitled "Why Are Families Not as Close as They Used to Be". You should include three parts: state the phenomenon, analyze the reasons, and give your suggestions.
- 考点定位：本题考查形近词辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦拼写相似但语义差异较大的名词辨析。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. ankles（脚踝）；B. angles（角）；C. angels（天使）；D. adults（成年人）。语境为 “两条线能形成无数个角”，符合几何常识，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查固定搭配，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “when it comes to...” 句型的用法。
- 答案详解：“when it comes to...” 为固定搭配，意为 “当涉及到…… 时”，符合语境 “课堂测验尤其如此”。其他选项均无法与 “it comes to” 构成有效搭配，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查实验与理论的关联，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对实验研究核心议题的精准把握。
- 答案详解：实验核心是探究 “女性为何在相同工作中给自己支付的报酬低于他人”，这与 “女性工人薪资普遍低于男性” 的理论构建直接相关，故选 [A]。
[B]“女性不愿进入传统男性主导职业”、[C]“女性与男性上司打交道时的焦虑”、[D]“女性入职时遭遇的偏见” 均与实验聚焦的 “工作报酬估值” 无关，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查推理判断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对实验结论的延伸推导。
- 答案详解：实验结论指出 “女性对自身工作的低薪资估值不能完全基于能力判断”，由此可推断 “用收入衡量女性能力并不总是可靠的”，故选 [A]。
[B]“女性更重视付出而非报酬”、[C]“女性通过自我价值而非金钱评估能力”、[D]“女性对工作报酬漠不关心” 均未在原文提及，属于过度推断，故排除。
本周发布的一份报告指出，在许多难以为本国人口提供足够水资源的国家，该受指责的是政府而非地理条件。联合国近期的多项研究表明，缺水正在全球越来越多的地区阻碍粮食生产和经济发展。
- 考点定位：本题考查社科类文本英译汉，核心考查术语精准、句式拆分及逻辑连贯，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“struggling to find enough water” 译为 “难以提供足够水资源”，贴合语境；“hold back” 译为 “阻碍”，符合经济与农业领域表达；“food production” 译为 “粮食生产”，规范准确。
- 句式优化：将第一句强调句 “it is the government that is to blame” 译为 “该受指责的是政府”，保留强调语气；拆分长句为两个中文短句，逻辑更清晰；“according to a report out this week” 译为 “本周发布的一份报告指出”，符合中文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “缺水国家的责任主体、缺水对全球的影响” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会现象类议论文写作，核心考查对 “家庭关系变疏远” 的原因分析与建议提出能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Why Are Families Not as Close as They Used to Be?
It is widely acknowledged that the bond between family members is not as tight as it was in the past. In the old days, families often gathered to share daily life, but now such scenes are becoming increasingly rare.
Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. Firstly, fierce social competition occupies most people’s time and energy. Adults are busy with work to meet life pressures, while young people focus on study or careers, leaving little time for family communication. Secondly, the popularity of digital devices diverts people’s attention. Many family members spend free time on mobile phones or computers instead of chatting with each other. Finally, the trend of living apart also weakens family ties. With more people moving to other cities for work or study, face-to-face interactions between family members are reduced.
To improve this situation, practical measures are needed. For one thing, family members should arrange regular gatherings, such as weekly dinners or holiday trips, to enhance communication. For another, we should limit the use of electronic devices when staying with family and focus on face-to-face interactions. Additionally, people living apart should keep in touch through phone calls or video chats to maintain emotional connections. Only in these ways can we rebuild close family relationships.
- 结构：严格遵循 “现象描述 — 原因分析 — 提出建议” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合题目要求；
- 内容：结合 “工作压力、数字设备、异地居住” 等具体原因，建议具有可操作性，符合 150 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “fierce competition, divert attention, weaken ties, rebuild close relationships” 等精准词汇，句式多样（状语从句、倒装句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为燕山大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的形近词辨析、阅读理解的推理判断、翻译的句式拆分及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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