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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为辽宁工程技术大学 2017 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- His few failings, such as they are, do not ______ from his great merits.
A. detract B. distract C. subtract D. attract
- Not until the eighteenth century ______ the complex chemistry of metallurgy.（注：原题 21 题适配高频考点，替换展示）
A. when scientists began to appreciate
B. did scientists begin to appreciate
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate
D. the appreciation of scientists began
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
-
By "well-oiled cog in the machinery" (Para.1) the author intends to render the idea that man is ______
A. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible
B. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly
D. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
-
The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ______
A. they are likely to lose their jobs
B. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprived of their individuality and independence
- High heels will always have their place in fashion, but for those of us who spend our days rushing between meetings and deadlines, comfortable trainers then bring it on.
随着上班通勤的时间越来越长，对女性而言一分一秒都十分宝贵。尽管还有很多人还习惯出门前在镜子前悉心打扮，但越来越多的人已经完全放弃了这一习惯。
Directions: Write an essay about "Empty-nest Youth" in 180-200 words. You should: 1) Interpret the meaning of "Empty-nest Youth" and describe the phenomenon. 2) Explain your views on whether this phenomenon is a social withdrawal or advance. Support your views with details.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “减损功绩” 语境的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “他的些许缺点，即便存在，也无损于他的巨大功绩”，需选择 “减损、贬低” 含义的词汇。
选项分析：
- [A] detract：意为 “减损、贬低”，常用搭配 “detract from”，契合 “缺点不影响功绩” 的语义；
- [B] distract：意为 “分散注意力”，搭配 “distract sb. from sth.”，语义不符；
- [C] subtract：意为 “减去”，侧重数字计算；
- [D] attract：意为 “吸引”，与语境相反，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦倒装句语法，是语法部分的核心考点，考查 “Not until” 引导时间状语从句时的倒装规则。
- 答案详解：
“Not until” 位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，即助动词 / 情态动词提前，谓语动词用原形。
选项分析：
- [A] 缺少主句谓语动词，结构不完整；
- [C] 为定语从句结构，无主句核心谓语，语法错误；
- [D] 未使用倒装结构，不符合语法规则；
- [B] 助动词 “did” 提前，主句用 “begin to appreciate”，符合部分倒装规则，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦词义猜测，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对隐喻表达的深层含义推断。
- 答案详解：
“well-oiled cog in the machinery” 字面意为 “机器中运转顺畅的齿轮”，结合后文 “man has become powerless”“economic puppets” 可知，作者强调人类在官僚体系中虽能正常运作，但地位不重要、缺乏自主权。
- [A]“必要但功能可忽略” 中 “necessary part” 与 “powerless”“puppets” 传达的 “无足轻重” 不符；[B]“与社会完全和谐运作” 未体现作者的批判态度；[D]“卑微但运作顺畅” 未突出 “相对社会其他部分而言不重要” 的核心，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对工人焦虑核心原因的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
原文提到工人焦虑不仅因为失业风险，更因为 “unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life”“not having confronted the fundamental realities... as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings”，核心是失去了个性与独立性。
- [A]“可能失业” 是表面原因；[B]“无真正满足感” 是失去独立性后的结果；[C]“面临人类存在的基本现实” 与原文 “未直面现实” 相反，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦英文复合句翻译，核心考查 “have their place in”“rush between meetings and deadlines” 等表达，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“have their place in fashion” 译为 “在时尚界始终占有一席之地”，“rush between meetings and deadlines” 译为 “在会议和截止日期之间奔波”，“comfortable trainers” 译为 “舒适的运动鞋”，“bring it on” 译为 “成为首选”；
- 句式调整：将 “who” 引导的定语从句拆分为独立分句，使中文表达流畅；
- 语义完整：准确传达 “高跟鞋仍时尚，但奔波的职场人更青睐舒适运动鞋” 的核心含义。
参考译文：高跟鞋在时尚界始终占有一席之地，但对于我们这些整天在会议和截止日期之间奔波的人来说，舒适的运动鞋才是首选。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉语短句翻译，核心考查 “通勤时间”“悉心打扮” 等表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心表达：“上班通勤的时间” 译为 “daily commute time”，“一分一秒都十分宝贵” 译为 “every minute counts”，“悉心打扮” 译为 “dress up carefully”，“放弃这一习惯” 译为 “abandoned this habit”；
- 句式调整：将汉语两个转折关系的分句译为 “While” 引导的复合句，逻辑清晰；
- 语义精准：完整传达 “通勤时间长，部分女性放弃精心打扮” 的核心含义。
参考译文：As daily commute time becomes longer and longer, every minute counts for women. While many people still get used to dressing up carefully in front of the mirror before going out, more and more have completely abandoned this habit.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会现象类议论文写作，核心考查对 “空巢青年” 现象的解读与观点表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Empty-nest Youth: A Sign of Social Advance
Empty-nest Youth refers to single young people aged 20-39 who live alone in major cities, away from their hometowns, with well-paid jobs but confined personal lives. According to a survey, China has over 20 million such youth, mostly in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, who tend to spend on quality life and sometimes run into debt.
In my view, this phenomenon is a social advance rather than withdrawal. Firstly, it reflects young people's pursuit of independence. They leave their hometowns to seek better career opportunities, showing courage to break away from traditional family constraints. Secondly, it embodies social progress in individual freedom. Young people can choose their lifestyle freely, focusing on personal development and quality of life. Finally, it promotes urban vitality, as these youth contribute to the workforce and consumption market of big cities.
Admittedly, they may face loneliness, but this is a side effect of independent choice. With social support systems improving, this issue can be alleviated. In conclusion, Empty-nest Youth is a symbol of young people's independent awareness and social progress.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “解释现象 — 表明观点 — 论证理由 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，贴合题目要求；
- 内容：现象描述精准，观点明确，理由从 “独立性、自由权、城市活力” 展开，论据充分，符合 180-200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “confined, pursuit, constraints, embody, vitality” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为辽宁工程技术大学 2017 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇积累、语法夯实、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的逻辑构建与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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