哈尔滨师范大学 2013 年考博英语真题（样本展示）

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哈尔滨师范大学 2013 年考博英语真题（精选样本）

一、语法词汇（每题 1 分）

1. I shall be busy next Monday. I ______ the afternoon classes the whole morning and ______ a lecture.
   A. have; attend B. am having; would attend C. would have; would attend D. shall be having; shall be attending
2. Fred has ______ kind of humor that can only be appreciated by those willing to search beneath the surface.
   A. an obvious B. a hidden C. subtle D. a controlled
3. So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
   A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel

二、阅读理解（节选 1 篇，含 5 题，每题 2 分）

Passage 1

21. There is an increasing demand for ______

    A. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

    B. all-round people in their own field

    C. people whose job is to organize other people's work

    D. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional
22. The specialist is ______

    A. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

    B. a man whose job is to train other people

    C. a man who has been trained in more than one field

    D. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
23. The administrator is ______

    A. a man who is an "educated" specialist

    B. a "trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalist

    C. a man who sees the trees as well as the forest

    D. a man who is very strong in the humanities
24. During your training period, it is important ______

    A. to try to be a generalist

    B. to choose a profitable job

    C. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

    D. to find an organization which fits you
25. A man's first job ______

    A. should not be regarded as his final job

    B. is never the right job for him

    C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job

    D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

三、翻译（节选 3 句，每题 3 分）

1. Once you know the difference between American individualism and Chinese collectivism, you will understand these two cultures better.
2. The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication.
3. Three decades ago, a totally new technology—internet—emerged when a few computer scientists linked two bulky computers using a cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks.

四、写作（20 分）

答案详解（附考点定位、核心要点）

一、语法词汇答案

1. [D] shall be having; shall be attending

• 考点定位：本题聚焦将来进行时的用法，是语法部分的核心考点，考查对未来特定时间内持续进行动作的表达。
• 答案详解：
  句中明确时间 “next Monday”，且 “the whole morning” 表示整个上午持续进行的动作，将来进行时 “shall be doing” 可准确表达 “在未来某一时间段内正在做某事”。A 选项为一般现在时 / 一般现在时，无法体现将来持续动作；B 选项 “am having” 与 “shall be busy” 时态不一致，“would attend” 表过去将来，逻辑矛盾；C 选项 “would have”“would attend” 均为过去将来时，与 “next Monday” 不符，故选 [D]。

3. [C] subtle

• 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对语境中幽默类型的精准描述。
• 答案详解：
  选项分析：
• [A] an obvious：意为 “明显的”，与 “需要深入挖掘才能理解” 矛盾；
• [B] a hidden：意为 “隐藏的”，侧重 “不外露”，但 “subtle” 更强调 “微妙的、需细致体会的”，更贴合 “beneath the surface” 的语境；
• [C] subtle：意为 “微妙的、含蓄的”，符合 “只有愿意深入探究的人才能欣赏” 的描述；
• [D] a controlled：意为 “受控制的”，与幽默的特质无关，故选 [C]。

6. [D] does light travel

• 考点定位：本题聚焦倒装句语法，是语法部分的难点考点，考查 “so...that...” 结构的倒装规则。
• 答案详解：
  “so + 形容词 / 副词” 置于句首时，句子需用部分倒装，即助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词提前。主语 “light” 为第三人称单数，一般现在时的助动词为 “does”，提前后谓语动词 “travel” 用原形。A 选项无倒装；B 选项为完全倒装，适用于 “表示地点的副词 / 介词短语置于句首” 的情况；C 选项助动词 “do” 与主语 “light” 单复数不一致，故选 [D]。

二、阅读理解答案

21. [C] people whose job is to organize other people's work

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对 “通才” 需求的具体内容捕捉。
• 答案详解：
  原文提到 “there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance... these 'generalists' are particularly needed for positions in administration... to organize other people's work”，即对通才的需求体现在管理岗位上，其工作包括组织他人工作。A 选项 “专家提供管理指导” 与原文 “专家难以成为管理者” 矛盾；B 选项 “自身领域的全能型人才” 不符合 “通才不局限于单一领域” 的定义；D 选项 “通才的教育背景是技术或专业型” 错误，通才的优势是人文素养，故选 [C]。

22. [A] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节定义，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对 “专家” 特质的精准把握。
• 答案详解：
  原文明确 “The specialist understands one field: his educational background is properly technical or professional”，即专家专注于单一领域，教育背景偏向技术或专业。B 选项 “培训他人” 是管理者的工作；C 选项 “接受过多个领域培训” 是通才的特点；D 选项 “见森林而非树木” 形容通才的全局观，故选 [A]。

23. [D] a man who is very strong in the humanities

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的高频考点，考查对 “管理者” 素养的理解。
• 答案详解：
  原文指出 “The generalist—and specially the administrator—... humanities are his strongest foundation”，即管理者作为通才，人文素养是其核心优势。A 选项 “受过教育的专家” 错误，管理者多为通才；B 选项 “更偏向专家的受过培训的人” 与原文矛盾；C 选项 “既见树木也见森林” 未明确管理者的核心素养，故选 [D]。

24. [C] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对培训期核心任务的捕捉。
• 答案详解：
  原文提到 “It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit”，即培训期的核心是确定自己适合专家还是通才岗位。A 选项 “努力成为通才”、B 选项 “选择赚钱的工作”、D 选项 “找到适合自己的组织” 均未提及，故选 [C]。

25. [A] should not be regarded as his final job

• 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对第一份工作性质的把握。
• 答案详解：
  原文明确 “you must not look upon the first job as the final job”，即第一份工作不应被视为最终工作。B 选项 “永远不是适合自己的工作” 过于绝对；C 选项 “不应更换，否则他人会怀疑能力” 错误，原文说 “不应频繁更换”；D 选项 “主要是为最终工作做准备的机会” 错误，原文说第一份工作是 “了解自己和适配职场的培训机会”，故选 [A]。

三、翻译答案

1. Once you know the difference between American individualism and Chinese collectivism, you will understand these two cultures better.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦条件状语从句翻译，核心考查 “once” 的译法及专有名词准确性，是翻译部分的基础考点。
• 答案详解：
  翻译要点：
• “once” 译为 “一旦”，明确条件逻辑；
• “American individualism” 译为 “美国个人主义”，“Chinese collectivism” 译为 “中国集体主义”，专有名词规范；
• 主句 “you will understand these two cultures better” 译为 “你就会更好地理解这两种文化”，语序符合中文表达习惯。
  参考译文：一旦你了解了美国个人主义与中国集体主义之间的差异，你就会更好地理解这两种文化。

4. The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦主谓宾结构翻译，核心考查长定语的处理，是翻译部分的高频考点。
• 答案详解：
  翻译要点：
• 主语 “The increase in... and in...” 译为 “国际业务与对外投资的增长”，合并同类项，简洁流畅；
• 定语 “with knowledge of... and skills in...” 译为 “具备外语知识和跨文化沟通技能的”，后置定语转前置定语，符合中文表达；
• “executives” 译为 “管理者”，贴合语境。
  参考译文：国际业务与对外投资的增长，催生了对具备外语知识和跨文化沟通技能的管理者的需求。

8. Three decades ago, a totally new technology—internet—emerged when a few computer scientists linked two bulky computers using a cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks.

• 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查时间状语从句、插入语及现在分词短语的处理，是翻译部分的难点考点。
• 答案详解：
  翻译要点：
• 插入语 “—internet—” 译为 “—— 互联网 ——”，保留强调语气；
• 时间状语从句 “when... using a cable” 译为 “当时几位计算机科学家用一根电缆连接了两台庞大的计算机”，现在分词短语 “using a cable” 译为方式状语；
• 现在分词短语 “testing... networks” 译为 “测试通过网络交换数据的新方式”，作伴随状语；
• “bulky computers” 译为 “庞大的计算机”，准确描述早期计算机的特征。
  参考译文：三十年前，一项全新的技术 —— 互联网 —— 应运而生。当时几位计算机科学家用一根电缆连接了两台庞大的计算机，测试通过网络交换数据的新方式。

四、写作答案

• 考点定位：本题聚焦议论文写作，核心考查对 “最后一份工作” 的观点表达与逻辑架构，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
• 答案详解：
  参考范文：
  The Last Job
  In the fast-changing job market, the concept of "the last job" has become increasingly meaningful. For many people, it is not just a career destination but a reflection of personal values and life pursuit.
  The last job often carries unique significance. It may be a post where one can fully exert professional skills accumulated over years, or a career that aligns with personal interests and sense of achievement. Unlike temporary jobs for survival or growth, the last job tends to emphasize stability, fulfillment and social value. For example, some professionals choose to engage in public welfare-related work in their later career, devoting their experience to helping others.
  To find the last job, one needs to have a clear understanding of self and career planning. It requires balancing personal strengths, interests and social needs, rather than merely pursuing material benefits. Moreover, lifelong learning is essential to adapt to the requirements of the last job and maintain professional competitiveness.
  In essence, the last job is a pursuit of career consummation. It allows people to realize self-worth in the final stage of their career and leave valuable contributions to society.

• 结构：遵循 “引出话题 — 分析意义 — 给出建议 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰；
• 内容：覆盖 “最后一份工作的内涵”“核心特征”“实现路径”，论据具体，符合 200 词左右篇幅；
• 语言：使用 “aligns with”“consummation” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），符合学术写作规范。