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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，太原理工大学 2019 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作三大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言转换与主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence–as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.
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What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Advocates of Violence Create Evil.
[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Racial Prejudice.
[C] Important People See Violence as a Legitimate Solution.
[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.
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According to the author, the best way to solve race prejudice is ___
[A] law enforcement.
[B] communication.
[C] knowledge.
[D] Mopping up the violent mess.
Five cloned piglets, genetically modified so that their organs are much less likely to be rejected by a human donor recipient, have been born in the US. More than 62000 people in the US alone are waiting to receive donated hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys and pancreases. The number of human donors falls far short of demand. Pig organs are of a similar size to human organs, and some scientists hope they might be used to help meet the shortfall.
Directions: Some people think that the government should establish free libraries in each town. Others believe that it is a waste of money since people can access the Internet at home to obtain information. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. Write about 300 words.
- 考点定位：本题考查文章主旨归纳，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对全文核心论点的精准把握。
- 答案详解：文章开篇指出种族偏见严重的地区，暴力被视为解决分歧的理所当然的方式，随后强调暴力从未解决问题，反而加剧矛盾，且人类在这一问题上毫无进步。核心围绕 “暴力无法消除种族偏见” 展开，故选 [B]。
[A]“暴力倡导者制造邪恶” 仅为局部细节；[C]“重要人物将暴力视为合法解决方案” 是现象描述，非核心主旨；[D]“人类本能渴望暴力” 与原文 “本能未变但暴力非解决之道” 不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对作者核心建议的精准查找。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie... advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement”，且强调 “Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law”，可见作者认为解决种族偏见的最佳方式是 “执法”，故选 [A]。
[B]“沟通”、[C]“知识” 是解决问题的辅助手段，非核心方式；[D]“清理暴力留下的残局” 是被动应对，并非解决根源的方法，故排除。
美国诞生了五只克隆小猪，其基因经过修饰，使得它们的器官被人类受赠者排斥的可能性大幅降低。仅在美国，就有超过 6.2 万人等待接受捐赠的心脏、肺、肝脏、肾脏和胰腺。人类捐赠者的数量远远无法满足需求。猪的器官与人类器官大小相近，因此一些科学家希望它们能被用于弥补这一缺口。
- 考点定位：本题考查科技类文本英译汉，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“cloned piglets” 译为 “克隆小猪”，“genetically modified” 译为 “基因经过修饰”，“organ rejection” 译为 “器官排斥”，“donor recipient” 译为 “受赠者”，符合医学科技文本表达规范。
- 句式优化：将英文长句拆分重组，如 “genetically modified so that...” 译为独立分句 “其基因经过修饰，使得……”，避免中文句式冗长；“falls far short of demand” 译为 “远远无法满足需求”，简洁传达语义。
- 逻辑连贯：用 “因此” 衔接 “猪器官与人类器官大小相近” 与 “科学家希望其弥补缺口” 的因果关系，使译文逻辑通顺。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “政府是否应在每个城镇建立免费图书馆” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Should Governments Establish Free Libraries in Every Town?
The debate over whether governments should build free libraries in each town has aroused widespread concern. Some people advocate for this measure, while others argue it is a waste of money due to the convenience of online information access. In my opinion, free libraries still hold irreplaceable value and deserve government support.
Those who oppose free libraries mainly emphasize the accessibility of the Internet. With the popularity of home computers and mobile devices, people can easily obtain a vast amount of information online, from e-books to academic papers. They believe that building physical libraries requires significant investment in construction and maintenance, which could be better used in other public services. However, this view ignores the limitations of the Internet. Not everyone has access to the Internet, especially elderly people, low-income groups, and those living in remote areas. Free libraries provide them with an equal opportunity to acquire knowledge.
On the other hand, free libraries offer unique advantages that the Internet cannot replace. Firstly, they provide a quiet and focused environment for reading and learning, which is particularly beneficial for students and researchers. Secondly, libraries have professional librarians who can help readers find accurate and reliable information, avoiding the false or misleading content often found online. Additionally, libraries often host cultural activities such as book clubs and lectures, promoting community communication and cultural inheritance.
In conclusion, although the Internet has changed the way people access information, free libraries still play an important role in promoting knowledge equality and cultural development. Governments should not abandon building free libraries; instead, they can combine traditional libraries with digital resources to better meet public needs. By doing so, we can create a more inclusive and culturally rich society.
- 结构：遵循 “引入话题 — 分述双方观点 — 表明个人态度” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论证全面；
- 内容：结合不同人群的需求、图书馆的独特功能等实例，论据充分，符合 300 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “irreplaceable value, accessibility, misleading content, cultural inheritance” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为太原理工大学 2019 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨归纳与细节提取、翻译的精准表达及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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