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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，天津财经大学 2013 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作三大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言转换与主题表达能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
All societies have distinct expectations for men and for women. In the United States these expectations have been undergoing changes for many decades. Today Americans live in a world of diverse family patterns and conflicting images of ideal lifestyles for men and women. The conventional norms of the first half of the century defined a successful woman as a wife and a mother who stayed home and carried out a full array of household duties. The husband and father was expected to stay away from home most of the day, earning enough money to pay the bills. Many adults still hold these expectations but they are no longer widely accepted as an ideal to be followed by everyone. Times have changed; there can be no turn back.
-
The traditional roles for men and women
A) are diverse
B) are conflicting
C) have changed
D) are no longer followed
-
According to this passage, which statement is NOT true?
A) Many people still follow the conventional norms of lifestyle.
B) Women today give birth to fewer children than women in the past.
C) More and more women choose to work rather than to be housewives.
D) Men do as much domestic work as women do at home.
坚持走中国特色新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化道路，推动信息化和工业化深度融合、工业化和城镇化良性互动、城镇化和农业现代化相互协调，促进工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展。
Directions: Write a composition on the topic "The Safety of Food" with at least 120 words following the outline: 1. 目前食品安全问题屡见不鲜；2. 这些问题产生的原因；3. 如何改变这种状况。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对男女传统角色变化趋势的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “these expectations have been undergoing changes for many decades”“Times have changed; there can be no turn back”，直接表明男女传统角色已经发生变化，故选 [C]。
[A]“多样化” 是当前家庭模式的特点，非传统角色的属性；[B]“相互冲突” 是当前理想生活方式的表现，非传统角色的特征；[D]“不再被遵循” 与原文 “Many adults still hold these expectations” 矛盾，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节判断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对原文信息的精准核对。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “women still are expected to do most of the work in the home”，即女性仍被期望承担大部分家务，说明男性做家务的量不如女性，故 [D] 表述错误，为本题答案。
[A]“许多人仍遵循传统生活规范” 与原文 “Many adults still hold these expectations” 一致；[B]“如今女性生育子女比过去少” 与原文 “they give birth to fewer children than women did in the past” 一致；[C]“越来越多女性选择工作而非当家庭主妇” 与原文 “more women are joining the labor force as full-time workers” 一致，故排除。
We adhere to the path of new-type industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, promote the in-depth integration of informatization and industrialization, the sound interaction between industrialization and urbanization, and the mutual coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization, so as to advance the synchronous development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization.
- 考点定位：本题考查政经类文本汉译英，核心考查固定表达、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 固定表达精准：“中国特色新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化” 译为 “new-type industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics”（标准译法）；“深度融合” 译为 “in-depth integration”，“良性互动” 译为 “sound interaction”，“相互协调” 译为 “mutual coordination”，“同步发展” 译为 “synchronous development”。
- 句式优化：将中文长句拆分为英文复合句，用 “promote”“advance” 衔接多个并列目标，用 “so as to” 明确目的逻辑，避免句式冗长，符合英文政经文本表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留原文 “四个现代化” 的逻辑关系及各项举措的递进关系，无语义遗漏。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “食品安全” 问题的分析与解决方案提出能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
The Safety of Food
In recent years, food safety issues have occurred frequently, such as toxic milk powder, pesticide-residue vegetables and fake meat products. These problems not only threaten people's health and even lives but also undermine public trust in the food industry.
There are several reasons for the prevalence of food safety problems. Firstly, some food producers pursue profits blindly and ignore moral and legal constraints, using inferior raw materials or adding harmful additives to reduce costs. Secondly, the supervision system is not perfect, with loose inspections and inadequate punishment for illegal behaviors, which fails to deter offenders. Additionally, some consumers lack food safety knowledge and cannot distinguish between qualified and unqualified products, indirectly encouraging illegal production.
To improve food safety, joint efforts from multiple parties are needed. First of all, the government should strengthen supervision, improve relevant laws and regulations, and impose severe penalties on illegal producers. Secondly, food enterprises should enhance their sense of responsibility, strictly follow production standards, and ensure product quality. Finally, consumers should learn food safety knowledge, choose regular channels to buy food, and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Only through such joint efforts can we create a safe and reliable food environment.
- 结构：严格遵循 “提出问题 — 分析原因 — 给出对策” 的提纲要求，层次清晰，逻辑连贯；
- 内容：结合毒奶粉、农药残留蔬菜等实际案例，论据具体，符合 120 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “pesticide-residue, undermine, supervision system, penalties, legitimate rights and interests” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为天津财经大学 2013 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节提取与判断、翻译的精准表达及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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