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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为华南师范大学 2007 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- Conscience ______ him day and night after he saw the miseries of other children which was caused by his misdoings with his own eyes.
A. racks B. persecutes C. maltreats D. abuses
- Her professional ethics is now being questioned since she often ______ her reports to suit the people she is speaking to.
A. disfigures B. deforms C. misshapes D. distorts
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would transform women's lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of "deadened" jobs, thenceforth considered "women's work."
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. The effects of the mechanization of women's work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.
B. Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values and the customary roles of its members.
C. Mechanization has caused the nature of women's work to change since the Industrial Revolution.
D. The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.
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The author mentions all of the following inventions as examples of dramatic technological innovations EXCEPT the ______
A. sewing machine B. vacuum cleaner C. typewriter D. telephone
Under the impact of modern science, the very conception of the task of philosophy has undergone a radical reorientation. In very broad historical perspective it may be said that the philosophers throughout the ages have been engaged in three major endeavors: they have been searching for absolute truths regarding basic reality, and for absolute standards of morality.
科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任何可能的讨论。这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不合情理。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “良心折磨” 语境的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “亲眼目睹自己的恶行给其他孩子带来苦难后，他的良心日夜折磨着他”，需选择 “持续折磨” 含义的词汇。
选项分析：
- [A] racks：意为 “使痛苦、折磨”，侧重精神或肉体上的持续煎熬，契合 “良心折磨” 的语义；
- [B] persecutes：意为 “迫害”，侧重因种族、信仰等受到不公平对待；
- [C] maltreats：意为 “虐待”，侧重对人或动物的粗暴对待；
- [D] abuses：意为 “滥用、虐待”，语义不符，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，考查对 “篡改报告” 语境的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “她的职业道德受到质疑，因为她经常篡改报告以迎合谈话对象”，需选择 “歪曲、篡改” 含义的词汇。
选项分析：
- [A] disfigures：意为 “损毁外形、使丑陋”，侧重外观破坏；
- [B] deforms：意为 “使变形”，侧重形态改变；
- [C] misshapes：意为 “使畸形”，与 “报告” 搭配不当；
- [D] distorts：意为 “歪曲、篡改”，侧重故意改变事实或内容，契合 “篡改报告” 的语义，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主旨大意，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对全文核心观点的提炼。
- 答案详解：
文章开篇指出 “人们普遍认为机械化会对女性生活产生革命性影响”，随后历史学家提出质疑，认为技术革新并未带来女性经济地位和工作评价的显著变化，核心观点是 “机械化的影响并未证实‘新技术本质具有革命性’的普遍假设”。
- [B]“机械化彻底改变社会传统价值和成员角色” 与原文 “未带来显著社会变化” 矛盾；[C]“机械化改变女性工作性质” 是表面现象，非核心主旨；[D]“机械化创造新工作岗位” 仅为细节，并非全文重点，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节查找，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对原文列举信息的精准核对。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner”，列举的发明包括纺纱机、缝纫机、打字机和吸尘器，未提及电话。
- [A]“缝纫机”、[B]“吸尘器”、[C]“打字机” 均在原文列举范围内，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查 “under the impact of”“undergo a radical reorientation” 等短语，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“under the impact of” 译为 “在…… 的冲击下”，“the very conception” 译为 “核心概念”，“undergo a radical reorientation” 译为 “发生了根本性转变”；
- 定语从句：拆分 “that” 引导的定语从句，译为独立分句 “纵观漫长的历史进程，可以说古往今来的哲学家们始终致力于三项主要事业”，使中文表达流畅；
- 语义完整：准确传达 “现代科学冲击下哲学任务的核心概念发生转变” 的核心含义。
参考译文：在现代科学的冲击下，哲学任务的核心概念发生了根本性转变。纵观漫长的历史进程，可以说古往今来的哲学家们始终致力于三项主要事业：他们一直在探寻关于基本现实的绝对真理，以及关于道德的绝对标准。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉语短句翻译，核心考查 “具有魅力”“立即得到认可” 等表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“具有某种魅力” 译为 “has a certain charm”，“立即得到认可” 译为 “be immediately accepted”，“不合情理” 译为 “unreasonable”；
- 句式调整：将汉语短句转化为连贯的英文复合句，使用 “Once” 引导条件状语从句，“which” 引导非限制性定语从句，符合英文表达习惯；
- 语义精准：“不允许有任何可能的讨论” 译为 “without any room for discussion”，“出现在广告中” 译为 “occurs in advertisements”。
参考译文：The word "science" seems to have a certain charm. Once proposed, it should be immediately accepted without any room for discussion. Such a demand for immediate acceptance occurs in advertisements, but it is basically unreasonable.
以上仅为华南师范大学 2007 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的夯实、阅读理解的细节定位与逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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