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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，南京农业大学考博英语涵盖阅读理解、词汇语法、完形填空、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurnishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the whole scale in reusing the past in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardeli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960's, but it was in the 1970's, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
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The main idea of the passage is
A. during the 1970's, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use
B. recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers
C. the San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the right way to fight urban decay
D. strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston
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According to the passage Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in
A. San Antonio
B. San Francisco
C. Minneapolis
D. Boston
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The first priority is to ______ a good reference book to identify the pest and choose the most effective control.
A. concede B. concise C. consent D. consult
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Rapid energy consumption will not only ______ the environment, but also trigger serious social problems.
A. extract B. spoil C. dispose D. deteriorate
学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人的。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的苦，所以不能得到成功。
Directions: Write a composition entitled "How to Solve the Problem of Pollution" with at least 200 words, based on the outline below.
- 随着社会的发展，各种原因造成的污染越来越严重；
- 这些污染对我们生活的影响；
- 我们应该如何减少污染。
- 考点定位：本题考查主旨大意归纳，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对文章核心内容的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
文章开篇点明 1970 年代最有趣的建筑现象是翻新旧建筑，随后通过波士顿、明尼阿波利斯、圣安东尼奥的案例，说明旧建筑回收再利用成为城市发展的主要趋势，核心围绕 “1970 年代多地旧建筑被回收用于现代用途” 展开，故选 [A]。
[B]“生态关注促使河流清理” 仅为圣安东尼奥案例的部分内容，非主旨；[C]“圣安东尼奥案例证明推土机不适用于治理城市衰败” 是单一案例的观点，不全面；[D]“政府支持使波士顿适应性修复成为现实” 仅聚焦波士顿案例，未涵盖全文核心，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息查找，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对人物与项目关联的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market... under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson”，明确本杰明・汤普森是波士顿项目的设计师，故选 [D]。
[A] 圣安东尼奥、[B] 旧金山、[C] 明尼阿波利斯均未与本杰明・汤普森形成关联，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，是词汇语法部分的核心考点，聚焦动词与 “参考书” 的语义搭配。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：[A] concede（承认；让步）；[B] concise（简洁的，形容词，不符合动词词性要求）；[C] consent（同意，常与 to 搭配）；[D] consult（查阅；咨询）。
语境为 “查阅参考书识别害虫”，“consult a reference book” 为固定搭配，表 “查阅参考书”，符合句意，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，是词汇语法部分的基础考点，聚焦动词与 “环境” 的语义搭配。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：[A] extract（提取；摘录）；[B] spoil（损坏；糟蹋，侧重对物品、兴致的破坏）；[C] dispose（处理，常与 of 搭配）；[D] deteriorate（恶化；衰退，侧重事物状态的变差）。
语境为 “能源消耗过快导致环境恶化”，“deteriorate the environment” 表 “使环境恶化”，精准匹配语义，故选 [D]。
Learning is a personal endeavor that cannot rely on others. Of course, favorable environments, adequate library facilities, and guidance from good teachers and friends are of great help. However, even with these conditions, one is not guaranteed academic achievements. There are many people who have achieved great success in scholarship without such advantages. The most important factor is one's own efforts. Pursuing knowledge is a arduous journey. Many people cannot endure the necessary hardships, so they fail to succeed.
- 考点定位：本题考查教育类汉译英，核心考查长句拆分、固定表达及逻辑连贯，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- “学问是自己的事” 译为 “Learning is a personal endeavor”，“endeavor” 强调 “艰辛的努力”，贴合后文 “求学是艰苦的事” 的逻辑；
- “良师益友” 译为 “good teachers and friends”，简洁准确；“有很大的帮助” 译为 “are of great help”，符合英文表达习惯；
- “不一定能保证” 译为 “is not guaranteed”，被动语态更符合英文句式逻辑；
- “不能忍受那必经的苦” 译为 “cannot endure the necessary hardships”，“hardships” 侧重 “艰辛、磨难”，比 “pains” 更贴合语境；
- 拆分中文长句为多个英文短句，通过 “however”“so” 等连接词衔接，保证逻辑流畅。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “污染问题” 的分析与解决方案提出能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
How to Solve the Problem of Pollution
With the rapid development of society, pollution has become an increasingly serious issue caused by various factors such as industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and improper waste disposal. Air, water, and soil pollution have spread to many regions, posing a severe threat to the ecological environment and human well-being.
The impacts of pollution are far-reaching. Air pollution triggers respiratory diseases and endangers public health; water pollution contaminates drinking water sources and destroys aquatic ecosystems; soil pollution reduces crop yields and affects food safety. Moreover, environmental degradation disrupts the balance of nature, leading to more frequent extreme weather events and threatening the sustainable development of human society.
To address pollution, joint efforts from the government, enterprises, and individuals are indispensable. Firstly, the government should strengthen environmental supervision, formulate stricter emission standards, and promote green development policies such as carbon reduction targets. Secondly, enterprises ought to upgrade production technologies, adopt clean energy, and take responsibility for waste treatment. Finally, individuals should develop eco-friendly habits, such as reducing the use of disposable products, choosing low-carbon transportation, and participating in environmental protection activities.
In conclusion, solving the pollution problem is a long-term and arduous task. Only through the collaboration of all sectors of society can we curb environmental degradation, protect our common home, and achieve the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.
范文解析：
- 结构：严格遵循 “提出问题 — 分析影响 — 给出对策” 的提纲逻辑，层次清晰，论点明确；
- 内容：从空气、水、土壤三个维度分析污染影响，对策覆盖政府、企业、个人三个主体，论据全面，符合 200 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “pose a severe threat, far-reaching, sustainable development, eco-friendly, curb environmental degradation” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为南京农业大学 2019 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨归纳与细节定位、词汇语法的搭配应用、翻译的句式转换与语义精准、写作的逻辑构建与论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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