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- You shouldn't go to work today, it is raining so hard. _______you still have a temperature.
A. Therefore B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. Despite
- He tried to cope with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally he________ and had to take a complete rest.
A. broke away B. broke off C. broke up D. broke down
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients—to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer? If he asks, should the doctor deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake. In their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is, as far as possible ‘do no harm’.”Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients.
-
Doctors think that lying to their patients is________.
A. a medical tradition
B. to harm their own integrity
C. to defend medicine
D. uttering the truth for truth's sake
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Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may_________.
A. slow down recovery
B. lead to suicide in some cases
C. be too hard for them to accept
D. help deal with illness
Green means healthy outside of hospitals, too. Office workers with nature views are more __41 __ about their jobs, less frustrated, in better health and more satisfied with their 42,according to one study. According to another, prison inmates whose cell looked out on farm fields needed far less health care than those whose cells faced a 43 internal courtyard.
- A. keen B. eager C. zealous D. enthusiastic
- A. lives B. alive C. live D. living
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words on the topic "Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer."
- 考点定位：本题考查副词词义辨析，聚焦逻辑衔接词的应用，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义及逻辑关系分别为：A. Therefore（因此，表因果）；B. Nevertheless（然而，表转折）；C. Moreover（此外，表递进）；D. Despite（尽管，表让步，为介词，后接名词 / 短语）。
语境中 “雨下得大” 与 “发烧” 是递进关系，均为不应该上班的理由，故选 [C]。句子翻译为：你今天不应该去上班，外面雨下得很大，此外你还在发烧。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词短语辨析，聚焦固定短语的语义匹配，是词汇部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：A. broke away（脱离；放弃）；B. broke off（中断；突然停止）；C. broke up（打碎；结束）；D. broke down（崩溃；体力不支）。
语境为 “无法应对日益加重的工作负担，最终体力不支需要彻底休息”，[D] 选项契合语义，故选 [D]。句子翻译为：他试图应对日益加重的工作负担，但最终还是崩溃了，不得不彻底休息。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对医生说谎动机的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept... ‘do no harm’”，医生认为 “不伤害患者” 是医学传统准则，因此为患者利益说谎是遵循该传统，故选 [A]。
[B]“损害自身正直” 是说谎的负面影响，非医生的认知；[C]“捍卫医学” 未在原文提及；[D]“为求真而说真话” 与 “说谎” 相悖，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息查找，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对患者对真相态度的准确提取。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness”，“cope with” 与 “deal with” 同义，明确患者认为被告知真相有助于应对疾病，故选 [D]。
[A]“延缓康复”、[B]“导致自杀” 是医生的担忧，非患者的看法；[C]“难以接受” 未在原文体现，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，聚焦形容词与 “about” 的搭配及语义匹配，是完形填空部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项均有 “热情的” 含义，但搭配与语义侧重不同：A. keen（be keen about 表 “对…… 热衷，长期关注”）；B. eager（be eager for 表 “渴望得到某物”）；C. zealous（be zealous about 表 “因信仰或责任而狂热”）；D. enthusiastic（be enthusiastic about 表 “因兴趣而热情洋溢”）。
语境强调 “对工作长期保持热衷”，[A] 选项更契合办公场景的语义，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，聚焦词性与语义匹配，是完形填空部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义及词性分别为：A. lives（名词，“生活”，复数形式）；B. alive（形容词，“活着的”）；C. live（动词，“居住”；形容词，“现场的”）；D. living（形容词，“活着的”；名词，“生计”，通常为不可数）。
“be satisfied with one's lives” 表示 “对生活满意”，符合语义与语法，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会现象类议论文写作，核心考查对 “人们热衷危险运动的原因” 的分析与论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Why People Are Attracted to Dangerous Activities
Dangerous sports such as bungee jumping, rock climbing and extreme surfing have gained growing popularity among a certain group of people. Behind their enthusiasm for these high-risk activities lie three main reasons.
Firstly, the pursuit of excitement and sense of achievement drives many people to engage in dangerous activities. In modern society, daily life is often routine and boring, and dangerous sports provide a rare chance to break the monotony. When people overcome fears and complete a challenging activity like climbing a steep mountain, they gain an unparalleled sense of accomplishment that cannot be obtained from ordinary tasks.
Secondly, social recognition and peer influence play a crucial role. Many dangerous activities are carried out in groups, and participants can earn admiration from others for their courage. Young people, in particular, may be motivated by friends to try extreme sports, as they consider it a symbol of bravery and individuality. For example, some college students take part in parkour because their peers praise it as a "cool" activity that showcases their agility and courage.
Finally, the desire to escape pressure contributes to the appeal of dangerous sports. Facing heavy work or study pressure, people often seek ways to release their stress. The intense focus required in dangerous activities helps them temporarily forget their worries, and the physical exertion allows them to vent negative emotions.
In conclusion, the attraction of dangerous activities stems from the human desire for excitement, social recognition and pressure relief. While these activities can bring unique experiences, participants should always prioritize safety and take necessary protective measures to avoid unnecessary risks.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “总述原因 — 分点论证 — 总结建议” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点明确；
- 内容：从 “追求刺激与成就感”“社会认可与同伴影响”“逃避压力” 三个维度展开，结合具体例子，论据充分，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “unparalleled, monotony, agility, vent negative emotions, prioritize safety” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、倒装句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为南开大学 2013 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇短语的积累、阅读理解的细节定位、完形填空的语义衔接及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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